Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The rapid increase in multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections present a challenge in the development of therapies against them. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be the answer to this challenge. AMPs play an important role in host defense mechanisms. Plants are the precious source of natural antimicrobial molecules, including antimicrobial peptides known as Plant Antimicrobial Peptides (PAMPs). The present research work was aimed to isolate antimicrobial proteins or peptides from the leaf and flower extract of Bougainvillea ‘Texas King’ and Bougainvillea ‘Shubra’ cultivars. Protein pellets obtained after 50% and 25% ammonium sulfate precipitation of B. ‘Shubra’ leaf and flower extract showed maximum total protein of 311 µg/ml and 798 µg/ml respectively and 25% and 50% protein pellet of B. ‘Texas King’ leaf and flower extract showed maximum total protein of 529 µg/ml and 904 µg/ml respectively. Different protein pellets and supernatant were screened for antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. The protein samples having antimicrobial activity were electrophoresed on 12% Tricine SDS-PAGE to estimate the molecular masses of the antimicrobial protein/peptides. Molecular...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The aim of this article is to provide a wide-angle prospect of the detailed information of pharmaceutical polymers in sustained released micro-beads dosage forms. Polymers have played an integral role in the advanced drug delivery technology by providing controlled release of therapeutic agents in constant doses over long periods, cyclic dosage, and constant release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. When formulating challenging molecules into solid oral dosage forms, polymeric pharmaceutical excipients permit masking undesired physico-chemical properties of drugs and, consequently, altering their pharmacokinetic profiles to improve the therapeutic effect. The number of synthetic and natural polymers available commercially as pharmaceutical recipients have increased dramatically, offering potential solutions to various difficulties. The different polymers may allow increased solubility, swell ability, viscosity, biodegradability, advanced coatings, pH dependency, mucodhesion, and inhibition of crystallization. Biodegradable polymers attract the attention of its use as they can be degraded to non‐toxic monomers and most important, a constant rate of drug release can be achieved from a biodegradable polymer-based controlled release device. Natural polymers can...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The gradient HPLC method was developed to detect and quantify four related substances (FIP, FHO-2, STG-01, and desfluoro) in ezetimibe drug material. The efficient separation was carried out on Water X-Select CSH C18 column (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 2.5 μm). The impurities were separated in gradient mode of elution with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water (mobile phase A) and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (mobile phase B) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml /min. The effluents were detected at 254 nm. The method has been validated in compliance with the regulatory standards suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. The parameters validated included precision, linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, specificity, accuracy, and robustness. The method showed good linearity from 0.03 μg/ml to 1.5 μg/ml for FIP, FHO-2, STG-01, and desfluoro. The developed method was applied to determine the studied impurities in three different batches of ezetimibe drug material. The method proposed in this work could be employed in quality control of ezetimibe bulk...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
An analytical method consists of a detailed, stepwise list of instructions to be followed in the qualitative, quantitative, or structural analysis of a sample for one or more analytes and using a specified technique. A novel, simple, precise, sensitive, and reproducible RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. The separation was carried out on Symmetry C8 (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 µm, Make: XTerra) column with buffer: acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 %v/v (pH 3) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The eluent detection was carried out using a UV-Visible detector at 221 nm. The retention time of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin was 2.83 min and 4.35 min, respectively. Linearity was observed Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in the concentration range of 25-125 μg/ml and 12.5-62.5 μg/ml, respectively. The % mean recovery of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin was found to be 99.90 and 99.99, respectively. The present study demonstrates the applicability of chromatographic method to...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body and also to achieve and maintain the desired drug concentration. This could be achieved through multiparticulate dosage form like beads which are divided into many individual units, so, called subunits, each exhibiting some desired characteristics. Micro particulate drug delivery systems have various well-known advantages over single unit dosage form. Preparation of microbeads drug delivery system is one of the alternatives which involve neither use of harsh chemical nor elevated temperature. The conventional techniques involve the use of ionotropic gelation method, emulsion gelation method, polyelectrolyte complexation method, etc. The majority of work has been done on the preparation of microbeads by ionotropic gelation method rather than other methods owing to its ease of preparation. The ionotropic gelation method is based on the ability of polyelectrolytes counter ions to crosslink to form a hydrogel sustained release...
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