Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2021 in |
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been broadly used in the study of brain damage for a long time. However, PET has been mostly used for the assessment and detection of neural activity after brain damage. Tau proteins play a significant role in a variety of degenerative neurological conditions. Post-mortem neuropathology studies of victims of repeated and severe head trauma have defined a unique spatial expression of neurological tauopathies in these individuals known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The current review assesses the role of tau in head injury, the state of tau radiotracer development, and the potential clinical value of tau-PET derived from head injury studies. There are variations in the binding patterns between different tau radiotracers. Therefore, the present work is commenced with a general review of TBI and CTE, followed by the chronic and acute pathophysiological consequences of TBI. In the following, beta-amyloid, glycolysis, and tau protein radiotracers are assessed critically, considering the most recent and available imaging studies. Considering the scientific relevance of these radiotracers...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Several behavioral addictions have been hypothesized as having similarities to substance abuse addictions. The DSM-4-TR has designated formal diagnostic criteria for several addictive disorders classifying them as impulse control disorders, a separate category from substance use disorder. There have been a lot of behavioral addiction studies like tanning, cosmetic surgery, sexual addiction, etc. Mobile phone addiction, which has more recently evolved into Smartphone addiction or nomophobia. The American Psychiatric Association first categorized a behavior: gambling as a no substance, related addictive disorder, and recommends further research on internet gaming disorder. The aim of this review is to find Smartphone addiction relations with neurotransmitters that could help us understand the possibly addictive effect similar to that produced by conventional drugs and also its potential to be diagnosed as an independent disorder. Multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in the biochemistry of behavioral addictions; especially dopamine seems to be the most active. Brain activation in Internet gaming addicts occurs in the same brain regions as with drug-associated addiction. Brain imaging studies; suggest...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
One of the essential scientific research concluded that DNA / RNA forms the hereditary or the genomic material in all life forms. The double-helical model given by Watson and Crick further added to the biological findings, and since then, various other DNA structures have been established viz., triple-stranded structures, quadruplexes, higher-order structures such as G-wires, polyads, etc. This review article takes into account the various aspects of the guanine rich called the G-quadruplex structure of the DNA, which are formed in the promoter region of a regulator gene called c-myc. Various ligands and proteins help in stabilizing/destabilizing the G-quadruplex structure present in the regulator gene, but a mutated version of the c-myc is seen during cancer, which leads to altered functions and expression of transcription protein leading to unregulated cell growth and proliferation. Thus, G-quadruplexes help in the regulation of the telomerase enzyme activity and can pave the way for the anticancer drugs, which are the need of the...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Introduction: Vernonia arborea, belonging to the Asteraceae family, found in the Western Ghats of India and Sri Lanka, was traditionally used in wound healing. It is proven that some of the plants of this genus have anti-diabetic properties. e.g., V. amygdalina. So this study was done to screen and to evaluate the anti-diabetic potency of the leaf extract of Vernonia arborea in diabetic Zebrafish models. Materials and Methods: Extraction was done by cold percolation method. The toxicity of the extract was evaluated, and the concentrations of 25 mg/l and 50 mg/l of tank water were taken for treatment as higher concentrations were found to be toxic. The Zefrafish were divided into the respective control and treatment groups. The different groups were induced with diabetes by high-glucose feed for 30 days. The standard group was treated with metformin and the test groups with the chosen concentrations of the extract for 7 days. The blood glucose level was checked on alternate days for 7 days. On the 7th day, the liver...
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Posted by admin on Dec 31, 2020 in |
Suppression of wound repair is a challenge for patients and healthcare workers globally. Excision and incision wounds were created on Wistar albino rats on the back of the experimental animals. The rats were categorized into seven groups (n = 6). The study aimed to determine the effect of topical administration of successive extracts of Ventilago calyculata (stem bark) against dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing. The rats of Group I (normal – given saline and wounds covered with hydrogel base); Group II (positive control was given dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/body weight) intraperitoneally (10 days) and wounds covered with SSDee Ultra cream); Group III (untreated was given dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/body weight) intraperitoneally (10 days) and wounds covered with hydrogel base; Group IV-VII (treatment groups were given dexamethasone intraperitoneally (10 days) (1mg/kg/body weight) and wounds covered with F1, F2, F3, and F4 respectively. Excision and incision wounds were inflicted on the next day of dexamethasone dosing. At the end of the 30-day treatment period, wound contraction, epithelisation period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength, and histological changes...
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