Volume 14 (2023) - Issue 9, September
Review Articles
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALSAND MALE REPRODUCTION: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON ANTITHYROID DRUGS AND RECUPERATIVE EFFECTS OF Α-LIPOIC ACID
Male reproduction is controlled and coordinated by endocrine factors and therefore, even minute changes can able to interfere with the male fertility. Accumulation of data have shown that the humans are exposed to chemicals that can able to interfere with endocrine factors. Interestingly, published reports have shown that the continuous exposure to such chemicals occurs mainly due to their wide us...
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CANCER-ASSOCIATED THROMBOSIS: AN OVERVIEW OF THROMBOSIS MECHANISMS AND ITS RISK FACTORS IN CANCER
Thrombosis is one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. Cancer patients are commonly thrombophilia or prothrombotic since they have abnormalities in all three factors of Virchow's triad, which lead to thromboembolism. Venous thrombosis (VT) is a chronic disorder that has the potential to be fatal and cause considerable complications. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) may potentially be...
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TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA: A REVIEW ON SINGLE HERB WITH MULTIPLE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Given their well-known lack of side effects in comparison to pharmaceuticals, natural materials with medical potential are rising in prominence in clinical research. Since the dawn of civilization, humans have relied on plants as a vital resource for healing. Medicines, health aids, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, cosmetics and other similar items derived from plants are becoming more popula...
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1, 3, 4 THIADIAZOLE NUCLEUS BIOLOGICAL SCAFFOLD FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING-COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Despite different therapy, such as chemotherapy, for cancer, it has become the leading cause of death globally. This boosts the researcher for searching for a new lead molecule with a simple structure and maximum potency with little adverse effect. In recent years, 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety attracted the attention of scientists for the development of novel compounds. The different articles reported...
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IS ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER – A NEUROGENETIC DISORDER
An overview of the neurodevelopmental disorder ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), its consequences, and details on the brain regions impacted by ADHD are the driving forces behind this review. The hereditary basis of ADHD has been investigated. Throughout the investigation, numerous reviews and research publications were compared and examined. The themes covered in this article are (...
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MEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE OF NIGELLA SATIVA AND ITS SEEDS: RECENT UPDATES
N. sativa (black cumin seed) is popularly known for its medicinal significance such as Anticancer, Antioxidant, Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-ulcer, Anti-parasitic, Anti-histamine, Analgesic, for skin rashes, hair treatment and also used as a flavoring agent. Recent reports reveal that the Nigella sativa seeds exhibit a potent effect on the Covid-19 virus. Further, N. sativa seed can be ...
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NOVEL ANTIBIOTICS DISCOVERY AND DRUG RESISTANCE REVISITED
Drug resistance in bacterial strains has often been detected in the last two decades and is increasing yearly. Novel survival mechanisms and over-the-counter antibiotic availability (OTC) complicated this issue, especially in relation to the Asian continent. Resistance to drug/antibiotic is multifactorial viz, plasmid encoding drug resistance, pumping the drug out by pumping mechanism from the bac...
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FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY OF ROSUVASTATIN AND TENELIGLIPTIN, CHARACTERISATION OF ITS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS BY VARIOUS ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: A REVIEW
Rosuvastatin is a widely used lipid-lowering medication that belongs to the class of “Statins” whereas Teneligiptin is a novel potent drug that belongs to the class of “DPP-4 inhibitors” which is used for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. The FDA recently approved the combination of these two drugs in 2021 since it proved to be highly effective for treating dyslipidemia associated...
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A CONCISE REVIEW ON SELF NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A POTENTIAL TOOL TO INCREASE DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY
Oral route is the easiest and most convenient route for drug administration more than 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility, resulting in unsatisfactory oral drug delivery. Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems (SNEDDSs) are one of the emerging strategies developed to tackle the issues associated with their oral delivery. SNEDDSs are composed of an oil phase, surfactan...
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OPSONIZATION AS A LONG CIRCULATORY APPROACH: A CHALLENGE IN DRUG DELIVERY
Opsonisation is the process of coating infections with antibodies to make them more receptive to phagocyte ingestion. Opsonization is a crucial step in host defence that prepares particles or complexes for easy ingestion by phagocytic cells. It has been acknowledged that activated macrophages could proactively capture opsonized nanoparticles in the bloodstream and then accumulate in the reticulo...
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AN UPDATED REVIEW ON ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE AZELNIDIPINE AND TELMISARTAN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is excessively high the force of blood against the artery wall is too high. Hypertension is a very common disorder, particularly in past middle age. For improvement activity of hypertension, Azelnidipine and Telmisartan are newer combination in the market which is effective in hypertension. Thi...
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ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL FORMULATIONS – A REVIEW
Microbes are widespread and have been studied widely in recent years. Disease-causing microbes can also be called pathogens, germs, or bugs. These microbes are responsible for causing infectious diseases. Microbes are mediators in almost all ecosystem processes and act as a global pivotal game changer in various ecological activities. The therapeutic outcome with antimicrobial drugs depends totall...
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INSIGHTS INTO VARIOUS NOVEL SYNTHETIC STRTAEGIES FOR FLAVONE DEVELOPMENT: PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
Flavones make up one of the biggest subgroups of the secondary metabolite class of flavonoids, which has more than 9000 known structural variations. It is shown that they are present in practically all plant tissues naturally. In the literature, many flavone aglyca and their O- or C-glycosides have been described. Numerous potential uses exist for flavones due to their wide range of biological act...
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ASTHMA: A REVIEW
This review aims to provide a brief overview of different mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of asthma, a variety of cells, and mediators released from these cells, which have an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease which having complex pathophysiology and affects many individuals. Asthma is an inflammatory disease in the airway, leading to air...
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THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF IRIFLOPHENONE-3-C-β-D GLUCOSIDE: AN OVER VIEW
Iriflophenone 3-C-β-D glucoside is a Benzophenone derivative which can be obtained from various plant sources like Aquilaria crassna, A. sinensis, A. malaccensis, Cyclopia genistoides, Mangifera indica, Dryopteris ramosa etc. It can act as an important herbal active constituent as it has various pharmacological actions, such as Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent...
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A REVIEW ON OBESITY AND ITS REGULATORY HORMONES
Obesity is related with a number of metabolic difficulties, growing obesity may disrupt hormonal and metabolic systems, which may lead to the body storing extra energy in a variety of forms. The amount of total energy the body has stored as fat is negatively associated with the rate at which leptin circulates in the bloodstream, which is predominantly produced by adipose tissue. It is widely accep...
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REVIEW OF GOUTY ARTHRITIS: A NEW PERCEPTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF OLD DISEASES
Gouty arthritis, an inflammatory joint disease, occurs due to the accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals in the joints, mainly at the metatarsophalangeal joints of the big toe. At present, the incidence and prevalence of gout are increasing globally. The various risk factors are responsible for the development of gouty arthritis, including nonmodifiable, modifiable, and genetic factors. U...
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Research Articles
MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF PLANT PHYTOCOMPOUNDS AS PROMISING INHIBITORS AGAINST LASB VIRULENCE PROTEIN – AN IN-SILICO AND IN-VITRO APPROACH
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that can cause a variety of hospital-acquired diseases. It is a multidrug-resistant bacterium and can survive a wide range of antibiotics; hence there is a concern about its limited therapy options. In this scenario, the discovery and development of novel antibiotics are in high demand. In our research work, molecular docking a Bioinfo...
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DESIGN OF A NOVEL PHOTOBIOREACTOR FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF GROWTH PARAMETERS OF SCENEDESMUS DIMORPHUS AND UTILIZATION OF DAIRY WASTE FOR BIOENERGY CONVERSION
Scenedesmus dimorphus isone of the widely exploited microalgae in several arenas of science, such as in food, nutraceuticals, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries due to its high nutritional content and bioactivities. The present study designed a novel, cost-effective, eco-friendly, easy-to-operate and rectangular photobioreactor using glass material. Photobioreactor was provided with monoch...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION OF ANISOMELES MALABARICA R. BR. LEAVES BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND GC-MS
Medicinal plants belong to the Labiatae family, commonly known as the mint family. This family comprises the Anisomeles malabarica, which contain biologically important phytochemicals. Focus on solvent extraction of selected medicinal plant parts and its phytochemical analysis gives an insight for herbal drug discovery. A heat continuous percolation experiment was conducted for 24 hours using thre...
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IN-VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CASSIA FISTULA FRUIT AND LEAF EXTRACT ON LIVER CANCER CELL LINE
Among different neoplastic lesions, hepatocellular carcinoma plays a pivotal role due to the extreme difficulty of treating it in advanced conditions. Research shows that there is a high intractability towards chemotherapy for this disease. Therefore, using medicinal plants can be another approach to fend off this grim scenario and pave a new way to prolong survival time. For this purpose, the eth...
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QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF D5 CHOORANAM, AN ANTIDIABETIC SIDDHA FORMULATION
D5 Chooranam is a classical Siddha formulation developed by Central Council for Research in Siddha, prescribed for the management of diabetes mellitus. The present work was carried out to assess phytochemical profile and also to explore the antioxidant potential of Siddha drug D5 Chooranam. The Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity were evaluated in five different solvent extracts (Ethyl ...
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EVALUATION OF TRIDAX PROCUMBENS LEAF EXTRACT LOADED PVA FILM FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATION
Wounds are a severe health problem. The development of pharmaceutical dosage forms to ensure patient comfort and safety and optimize treatment effectiveness is of great interest to the pharmaceutical and biomaterials industries. Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) leaf is a medicinal herb used for treating wounds since ancient times. In this work, a biomaterial film was developed by using PVA with T...
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ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF DAUCUS CAROTA ROOTS ON ALBINO WISTAR RAT
Objective: The study's key objective is to evaluate the Antidiabetic activity of methanolic root extract of Daucus carota in normal, streptozotocin-induced Diabetic, and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Albino Wistar rats were administered at a dose of streptozotocin 50mg/kg /day and alloxan monohydrate 150mg/kg/day i.p. for 30 days. Experimental rats were given Daucus carota ...
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ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF CRUDE EXTRACTS AND FATTY ACID FRACTIONS OF FOUR PTERIDOPHYTE SPECIES FROM ASSAM, NORTHEAST INDIA, AND THEIR IDENTIFICATION BY GC-MS
Fatty acids produced by plants protect themselves from pathogens, such as multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the present work, crude extracts, and fatty acid fractions of four pteridophyte species from Assam, Northeast India, were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties, and the bioactive compounds were identified using GC-MS analysis. The crude extract of Pteris semipinnata (Ps), Lygodium micr...
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ANTIEPILEPTIC EFFECT OF TELMISARTAN AND VALSARTAN ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ETHOSUXIMIDE ON PENTYLENETETRAZOL INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF EPILEPSY IN ALBINO MICE
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in clinical practice requiring newer targets for its efficient treatment. Recently, brain renin-angiotensin system has gained immense importance because of its involvement in seizure regulation. Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate whether angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists possess anticonvulsant activity in experimental animals. Forty- e...
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MOLECULAR DESIGN AND DOCKING STUDY OF NOVEL QUINOXALINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AS PI3K/MTOR DUAL INHIBITOR
The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is widely used in cancer therapy as it is a signaling pathway that is frequently disrupted in human cancers. Increasingly, inhibitors develop against key proteins in signaling pathways, such as PI3K and mTOR. Dual inhibitors targeting PI3K and mTOR are more potent than one inhibitor targeting only a single protein. This study used to design and molecular docking...
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NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF ETHANOLIC ASHWAGANDHA ROOT EXTRACT, DOXYCYCLINE AND ELLAGIC ACID AGAINST ROTENONE INDUCED PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A IN-VIVO MODEL STUDY
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent type of neurodegenerative disorder and is a chronic, progressive condition. In the current investigation, we used a rotenone (ROT)-developing rat model of PD to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of ethanolic Withania somnifera root extract (EWSR) in comparison to the known neuroprotectants i.e., Doxycycline (Doxy), and ellagic acid (EA) indiv...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTI-CATARACT ACTIVITY ON THE SEED OF CUCUMIS MELO L. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT
Objective: Evaluation of in-vitro anti-cataract activity on the Cucumis melo L ethanolic extract seeds by glucose-induced cataract in incubated goat lenses. Methods: Anticataract activity is performed by using an isolated goat lens. The goat lens was divided into six groups. Group I: Lens was incubated in artificial aqueous Humor (Glucose 5.5 mM). Group II: Lens was incubated with artificia...
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IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF BERBERINE IN A POLYHERBAL FORMULATION BY HPTLC METHOD
Diabetes mellitus is a challenging human disorder for medical researchers, and the patients suffering from it are from all age groups and countries. BSL-150 tablets is a polyherbal formulation used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. It contains seeds of Syzygium cumini, bark of Tinospora cordifolia, leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Phyllanthus emblica. These plants' dried, powdered pa...
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FORMULATED WOUND HEALING OINTMENTS WITH THE MARKETED PRODUCT BY IN-VIVO METHOD
A wound is a breakthrough of skin; it disrupts the normal functioning of skin. So, the wound healing process is important to repair the skin. It restores the normal function and structure of the skin. There are several phases of the wound healing process: inflammation, re-epithelization, vascularization, and granulation tissue formation and maturation. The wound healing process can be studied usin...
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SALIVARY ENZYMES AS BIOMARKERS FOR TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Effective treatment depends on early and successful disease detection. A timely, cost-effective diagnostic method is the principal part of the treatment plan. The invention of saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers novel opportunities to bypass the shortcomings of other methods by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL POLYHERBAL GEL CONTAINING COCCULUS HIRSUTUS AND TRIDAX PROCUMBENS
Topical medications are frequently used to treat skin conditions. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged. As a result, the man has looked to nature for healing. Traditional medicines work better because they are less likely to cause side effects and are more effective. The Cocculu shirsutus and Tridax procumbens leaves were authenticated, dried, and extracted. Phytochemical screening and physi...
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL 1-(PYRIDINE-2YL)-1H-PYRAZOLE-5-CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Introduction: Bacterial infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. This scenario is further complicated by the development of antibiotic resistance, which has an adverse impact on the world economy by increasing the treatment cost and prolonging the hospital stay. It also requires use of reserve antibiotics which have higher toxicity. Hence, new antibacterial drug...
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ANTIBIOTIC DE-ESCALATION IN BACTEREMIC UTI & ITS IMPACT ON COST AND LENGTH OF STAY-A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH KERALA
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections affecting humans and is one of the leading causes of both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The study's objective was to assess the rate of de-escalation and the impact of de-escalation on cost and length of stay, antibiotics utilization pattern, and adverse effects of antibiotics in bacteremic UTI. A prospective observ...
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FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF NORFLOXACIN TRANSDERMAL PATCH FOR ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Objective: This investigation aimed to formulate, optimize and evaluate the matrix-type transdermal patch of norfloxacin for antibacterial activity by incorporating different polymer concentrations and penetration enhancers. Methods: Nine formulations were prepared by a solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose dibutyl phthalate, tea tree oil, and tulsi oil at concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1...
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ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOLIC AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM) LEAVES EXTRACT ON INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS
Gastric inflammation and ulceration are directly associated with accumulating reactive oxygen species, interleukins, TNF-α, and depletion of antioxidants. In addition to the frequent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gastric lesions are also provoked by stress, alcohol consumption and Helicobacter pylori. Among other NSAIDs, Indomethacin has been very effective compound to generate a ...
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ATTENUATION OF INFLAMMATION AND MEDIATORS’ MODULATION BY PIPER PEDICELLATUM C. DC. LEAF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT IN GRANULOMA-INDUCED RATS
Objective: The study aims to evaluate the granuloma and associated inflammatory mediators inhibition potential of the chloroform extract of Piper pedicellatum C. DC. Leaves, as plant leaves, are being used traditionally in the mitigation of various inflammatory conditions; however, there is an insufficiency of scientific evidence about the relevant bioactivity of the plant. Method: The cotton pell...
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STRUCTURE-BASED VIRTUAL SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF MYCOLIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS ENZYMES (KASA, INHA, PKS13) FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identified as a global health emergency by the world health organization. The development of drug-resistance stains due to spontaneous gene mutation has been a major boost to research in the pathogenicity and biochemistry of Mtb. To combat drug resistance to tuberculosis, new drugs and methodologies are emerging. Since,...
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PAN-GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF HUMAN INFECTING SEROTYPES OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES: IDENTIFICATION OF PUTATIVE DRUG TARGETS
Pan-genome analysis can identify the core genome, which is the total number of genes present in all strains of a bacterial species. Further essential genes can be identified in this core set of genes which gives us a minimal number of genes required for the survival of the bacteria. This set of genes can be analyzed to develop new antimicrobial agents against pathogenic, multidrug-resistant bacter...
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EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF LINUM USITATISSIMUM L. SEED EXTRACT
Plants have been widely adopted as the source of all drugs; this field has gradually broadened in developing countries where traditional medicine is essential in health care. Flaxseed is the seed from the plant Linum usitatissimum, which is an annual plant. This plant has attracted man’s attention for its advantages for human health. Plant materials contain a lot of bioactive phenolics, which de...
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SILVER NANOPARTICLES POSSESS ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS ATCC 15305
An example of the human microbiota is Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a gram-positive, non-hemolytic pathogenic bacterium. It's a prevalent culprit behind simple infections associated with the urinary tract, especially among sexually active young women. It has a high colonization rate in the perineum, rectum, urethra, cervix, and gastrointestinal system and is also quite lethal. Because of their abi...
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GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MILLETS, ITS CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
The development of Nanotechnology has paved the way to study various nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are structures that measure the size from 1-100nm. Widely used nanoparticles are usually prepared using noble metals, that is, gold, silver, palladium, and platinum. At the same time, they find their way into a wide range of applications in medicine, electronics, energy saving, environment, textile, c...
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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF SPRAY-DRIED ARIPIPRAZOLE SOLID DISPERSIONS
Aripiprazole is a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) II drug used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. A fast-dissolving tablet will be an appropriate drug delivery route in these conditions. Therefore, the objective of the work was to convert aripiprazole into a solid dispersion via a spray drying process and further present it as an oral fast-dissolving tablet for improving pa...
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A RETROSPECTIVE PRESCRIPTION AUDIT STUDY IN OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
Background: Prescription audit is an effective way to raise the standard of prescriptions. WHO core prescribing indicators are established and trustworthy tool for assessing the quality of prescriptions. So, we used WHO-recommended core prescribing indicators to assess the prescription pattern of treating physicians. Methods: A retrospective observational study was done. A total of 632 prescriptio...
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