Volume 13 (2022) - Issue 7, July
Review Articles
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF XANTHENE AND THIOXANTHENE
Xanthene (or 9H-xanthene) is a parent active compound in which a pyran ring is combined with a benzene ring on both sides, whereas in thioxanthene, the oxygen of xanthene is replaced by a sulphur atom. Xanthene and thioxanthene are important classes of organic compounds which exhibit diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-spasmodic, anti-parkinsonian, anti-psychotic, anti-rhinitic, anti-i...
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NANOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROSPECTS OF PLANT MUSSAENDA FRONDOSA LINN: A HOLISTIC INVESTIGATION
Medicinal plants provide numerous benefits to human health. Mussaenda frondosa Linn belongs to the Rubiaceae family, which has 500 genera and 5300 medicinal plant species. Mussaenda is a flowering plant genus with many beautiful species. Ayurveda, an ancient Indian healing system, describes many herbs, oils, and minerals. People have known about plants' medicinal value since prehistoric times. Mus...
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FLOWERS – THE NOBLE ROLE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL, PLENTIFUL, BUT NEGLECTED BIO-RESOURCE IN INDIA
The Greek words “angeion” (vessel) and “sperma” (seed) constitute angiosperm which together define enclosed seeds. The angiosperms differ from closely related gymnosperms in seed being naked and not enclosed within a fruit. Moreover, angiosperms are distinguished plants having colorful flowers. Having originated about 130 million years ago, the flowering plants are more diverse and largest...
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FUNCTIONALIZATION OF POLYSACCHARIDES-VERSATILE STRATEGIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharide’s linked by glycosidic bonds. These are abundantly available and are obtained from renewable resources. Polysaccharides provide an array of primary structures and conformations used in the pharmaceutical industry. Natural polysaccharides properties can be substantially modulated by chemical, physical, and enzymatic modifications and have received in...
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DRY COATING OF PHARMACEUTICAL POWDERS
This manuscript aims to figure out updated information on the dry coating of powder (DCP). In pharmaceutical processes, the inevitable is handling of fine and ultra-fine particles (FUFP). Their higher surface area associated surface and surface attributes contribute chiefly to exhibited complex phenomenon like bulk behaviors, physicochemical property, performances and functionalities of pharmaceut...
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RECENT REVIEW ON HERBAL APPROACHES TO REGULATE CANDIDA INFECTIONS
Herbal plants have long been known to have antifungal properties. The medicinal plants are prospective in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and other anti-candida drugs. This article aims to review the reported herbal medicines with their research findings that have an enormous future prospective for the effective treatment of Candida infections. Various species of Candida were classifi...
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MUCORMYCOSIS – AN EPIDEMIC IN A PANDEMIC: A COMPLICATION OF COVID-19
Mycosis is an opportunistic infection that attacks patients who are immunocompromised. Our immune system is designed to defend us against fungus and bacteria. The fungus can expand, penetrate and kill tissue because it lacks immunity. It's everywhere, in soil and air and even in healthy people's noses and snot, says the researcher. “As we work to defend ourselves from COVID-19 and live with it, ...
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STUDY OF ACAT RECEPTOR WITH HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR DRUG DESIGNING
ACAT enzyme is found in human body and it maintains cholesterol homeostasis in the cell. This leads to deposition of cholesterol in our body as cholesteryl esters. Freely deposited cholesterol in the membranes of the cells is cytotoxic. This deposition causes atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Xanthelasma, etc. The first substrate for ACAT is both medium & long fatty acyl CoA. Therefore, ...
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUG, LEFLUNOMIDE: A REVIEW
The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical capabilities, diagnosis and scientific route of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the function of disorder-editing anti-rheumatic tablets (DMARDs) in its remedy are reviewed. RA, a giant disorder affecting humans of all races and sexes around the sector, has an unknown and perhaps multifactorial etiology. Conflicting proof supports RA's immune-complex, infec...
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Research Articles
EVALUATION OF ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY, ANTINOCEPTIVE AND WOUND-HEALING ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACTS OF COMBRETUM GLUTINOSUM PERR. EX DC
In Ivory Coast, the use of traditional medicinal plants is common because it’s low cost and also the scarcity and expensive nature of hospitals for so-called modern drugs. In addition, different types of herbal and others are used to heal wounds. Among these medicinal plants, the root of Combretum glutinosum is strongly recommended by traditional activists even though their in-vivo wound healing...
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USING IMMUNOINFORMATIC APPROACH DESIGN EPITOPE-BASED VACCINE FOR CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS
Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne infection of the genus alphavirus. It is vaccines, medications, and other treatments difficult to produce. The CHIK-Virus is carried thru the mosquito, which functions as a vector for the disease. Vaccines, therefore, provide alternate preventative techniques for the spread of viral infection. Structural proteins of CHIK-Virus with T and B cells had been used for im...
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EVALUATION OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAVES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Alzheimer's (AD) has been the most prevalent kind of dementia, generally producing linguistic and visuospatial deficits, frequently combining comfort ability problems such as apathy, aggression and depression, via the gradual deterioration of the episodic memory and learning. A noteworthy pathophysiological cause is the presence in the neuronal cytoplasm of extracellular plaque of insoluble ß-amy...
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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. (ASTERACEAE) GROWN IN GHANA: MORPHOLOGY, MICROSCOPY AND ARTEMISININ YIELD
Artemisia annua L. is an herbaceous plant from which the antimalarial sesquiterpene lactone, Artemisinin, is obtained. In Ghana, Artemisinin-Combination therapies are used as first-line treatment for managing malaria. The present study, the first of its kind in Ghana, sought to carry out the preliminary morphological and phytochemical evaluation and investigate the artemisinin content of Artemisia...
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EFFECT OF HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON INFLAMMATORY BLOOD BIOMARKER C-REACTIVE PROTEIN
To compare the effect of combined oral contraceptive (COC) and progesterone-only injectable contraceptive (PIC) on the inflammation, we recruited 47 female participants (16 to 43 years old) in 3 groups: control participants (n=10), COC users (n=16) and PIC users (n=21). Using ELISA and Latex agglutination methods, we measured the effect of hormonal contraceptives on the inflammatory blood biomarke...
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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE INDIGENOUS FRUITS AND VEGETABLES OF THE INDIAN HIMALAYAN REGION
This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ethanol, methanol, and water extracts of cherry (Prunus avium) and acetone extracts of quince (Cydonia oblonga), hexane & ethyl acetate extracts of Handh (Taraxacum officinale), acetone & methanol extracts of sustchal (Malva neglecta) of the selected minor fruits and vegetables of Indian Himalayan Region. Agar well diffusion method ...
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DEVELOPMENT OF FLURBIPROFEN SODIUM ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS BY DIRECT COMPRESSION AND SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUE
Objective: The present work aimed to prepare flurbiprofen tablets using different concentrations of super disintegrants like croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate cross povidone sublimating agent thymol. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression and sublimation technique using different concentrations of super disintegrants. The prepared tablets were evaluated for different...
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NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LECITHIN AND SILYMARIN
Objective: A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and reproducible validated RP- HPLC method was developed for the determination of Lecithin and Silymarin in bulk and tablet dosage forms. Methods: A simple double beam UV spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated with different parameters such as linearity, precision, repeatability, the limit of detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification...
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FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING NADOLOL
The solid lipid nanoparticles are sub-micron colloidal carriers (50-100 nm) that are composed of physiological lipid dispersed in water or in aqueous surfactant solution. Nadolol-loaded SLNs were prepared by modified high shear homogenization. It was observed that all formulations contain a good product yield. The highest drug content was found in formulation F5 98.37%. Entrapment efficiency for f...
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MOLECULAR SCREENING FOR PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT SALMONELLA SPP. IN DRINKING WATER SAMPLES FROM SLUM AREAS OF BHOPAL CITY, INDIA
The incidence of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. isolates in randomly collected potable water samples from 70 different slum area sites of Bhopal City, M. P. India, were investigated through a molecular approach.BSA media was used for isolation and CFU count of Salmonella spp. The DNA of representative Salmonella spp. Colors of each water sample were subjected to PCR to detect Amp, c...
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IN-VITRO ALPHA-AMYLASE AND ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease identified as hyperglycemia that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot metabolize its insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia, or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and, over time, leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems. Alpha-a...
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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENS, PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND SALMONELLA TYPHI
In today’s world, the medicine enterprise is among the quickest developing companies because of outbreaks of diverse sicknesses and antimicrobial opposition of diverse microbes towards typically utilized antibiotics. The control of diverse sicknesses and the traditional topic of treatment along with Ayurveda and home-based treatments also carries out a vital function within the part. Consequentl...
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SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF METAL COMPLEXES OF SM (III), EU (III) AND ASYMMETRICAL LIGAND DERIVED FROM DEHYDROACETIC ACID
Tetradentate Schiff bases are synthesized from o-phenylenediamine, 5-bromo Salicylaldehyde, and 3-Acetyl-6-methyl-pyran-2, 4-dione, and then its colored complexes of Sm (III) and Eu (III) are formed. The structure of ligand and complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR, mass, IR, UV-visible spectra, and conductometry. TG...
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IN-SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES, SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL FURAN-AZETIDINONE HYBRIDS AS POTENTIAL ANTI-CANCER AGENTS
Furan and Azetidinone have been reported to possess various therapeutic activities, including anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Increasing drug resistance and high toxicity to the existing drugs have dictated the need to develop novel, effective agents with different scaffolds. With the perspective of identifying novel anti-cancer molecules, an approach was made to hybridize the different h...
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NOVEL ISOCRATIC RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OFLOXACIN AND BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE
The present paper describes a novel, isocratic, simple, precise, accurate, and robust reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method development and validation for simultaneous quantitative estimation of Ofloxacin and Beclomethasone dipropionate in an Ophthalmic/Otic formulation. The proposed chromatographic estimation was carried out isocratically using Protonsil C18 (250...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ARTEMETHER AND LUMEFANTRINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
A simple, sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed to simultaneously determine Artemether and Lumefantrine in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic analysis was performed by Microsorb MV100-5 C-18 column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 µm), with a mobile phase consisting of buffer and acetonitrile in the ra...
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STUDY THE COST OF ANTIMICROBIALS THERAPY USED IN POST-OPERATIVE SURGICAL PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Background: Antimicrobials are used for prophylaxis and treatment of infections that occur following surgical procedures to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections (SSIs). A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. These are infections of the tissues, organs, or spaces exposed by surg...
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTION MONITORING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PRELIMINARY APPROACH TO ENHANCE REPORTING
Background: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) evaluation and monitoring is key for safe medication use. This study aimed to initiate, enhance reporting and support the Pharmacovigilance program of India. Methodology: This prospective observational study on the evaluation of adverse drug reactions was carried out for 6 months with the approval of ethics committee. Using standard tools, data was collected...
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MICROCYSTIN-BASED NANO DRUG FROM ANABAENA CYLINDRICA FOR TREATMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is liver cancer characterized by high prevalence and low survival rate. Hence, there is an urgent need to screen resources to develop therapeutic drugs to treat patients suffering from HCC. In this context, the current study involves developing a microcystin conjugated nano-drug from cyan bacteria Anabaena cylindrica to target the tumor liver cells. The microcystin m...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ACECLOFENAC AND PANTOPRAZOLE
In the present research work, a new UV spectroscopic and RP-HPLC method was described for simultaneous estimation of Aceclofenac (ACL) and Pantoprazole (PNT). Simultaneous Equation method was applied for the spectrophotometric determination of ACL and PNT. Statistical calculations were done by use of 276 nm and 289 nm wavelengths. In RP-HPLC method, the estimation of ACL and PNT carried out by ACN...
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FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, OPTIMIZATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN COATED FLEXIBLE LIPOSOMES OF MUPIROCIN FOR TREATMENT OF LACERATION
In present era research work has the continuous focus on the formulation development of chitosan-coated flexible liposomes of Mupirocin that has persistent mitigation of laceration. Skin injuries (laceration), an important health problem that needs to be managed properly in order to avoid serious consequences. The current focus in wound therapy is on upholding the moisture balance in the wound bed...
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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTED FLAVONOIDS FROM ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS AGAINST HALOTHANE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Usually, medicine includes the use of herbal medicines, animal parts, and minerals. However, herbal medicines are the most widely used of the three. The general guidelines for policies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine cover a wide range of issues and are intended to meet the different states in various countries and regions of the world. Orthosiphon stamineus is an herb that is w...
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL SOLID DISPERSION INCORPORATED IN HARD GELATIN CAPSULE
Candesartan cilexetil is widely used for the treatment of hypertension. Candesartan cilexetil is a pro-drug administered orally, rapidly converted to its active metabolite candesartan during absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan cilexetil is a BCS II drug that is practically insoluble in the water of 0.00771 mg/ml & it has a low dissolution rate, hence; to improve dissolution r...
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DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, DNA-BINDING AND DOCKING STUDY OF 2,4-DIMETHOXY ACRIDONES AS CYTOTOXIC AGENTS
A series of novel N10 -substituted 2,4-Dimethoxy acridones were synthesized as potent cytotoxic agents. DNA-binding studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out by the HPLC method using Calf thymus DNA (CT - DNA) based on their affinity or intercalation with CT-DNA, measured by binding percentage. The compound 12 bearing planar dimethoxy tricyclic ring linked with butyl pyrazole side chai...
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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON IDENTIFYING PRESCRIBING ERRORS AND AWARENESS OF PATIENTS’ MEDICATION KNOWLEDGE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Background: Patients’ drug administration errors are often promoted by poor drug knowledge resulting from inadequate oral or written information. Patients’ insufficient or wrong knowledge regarding the medication they use may vary and probably lead to the incorrect use of the latter, thus causing a decrease in its efficacy or other health problems. Patients’ knowledge enhances active partici...
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NOVEL SUBSTITUTED 2’- PROP-1-EN-2-YL)- 1’, 2’, 3’, 4’- TETRAHYDRO-[1, 1’- BIPHENYL]- 2, 6- DIOL COMPOUNDS AS ADENOSINE A2A RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS: INDUCED-FIT MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AND PHARMACOKINETIC PREDICTIONS
Adenosine release is more apparent after seizures or in-vitro seizure-like activity and tissue adenosine level increases quickly after seizure commencement. These adenosine increases linked to seizures are reflections in composing a response mechanism that controls seizure intensity and duration. Much evidence from animal studies suggests that this impact is mediated by the adenosine receptor (AR)...
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RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTION AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Introduction: Skin and subcutaneous tissue adverse drug reactions (ADR) are among the most common types of Cutaneous Reaction. The incidence rate of Cutaneous ADR is 1-3% for admitted patients in developed countries, whereas, in developing countries, it is 2-5% for admitted patients. Aims & Objective: To analyze the patient demographics, characteristics of the reaction, type of reaction, serio...
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IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF CUMINIC ACID
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused due to lack of insulin and/or its insufficiency. It is ranked ninth among the leading causes of death globally. As Oral hypoglycemic agent usage causes one or more side effects, phytochemicals can be used as alternative herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus with little or no side effects. In the current study, Cuminic acid was evaluated for its...
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FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSPONGE-LOADED GEL OF EXTRACTED FUCOIDAN FROM DICTYOTA BARTAYRESIANA FOR ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY
The study aimed to develop a novel gel loaded with nanosponges containing fucoidan extracted from Dictyota bartayresiana for arthritis treatment. Brown algae are rich in fucan, a group of sulfated polysaccharides with superior healing properties. Among the numerous fucoidan sources, a species, Dictyota bartayresiana, was selected from the family Dictyotaceae for arthritis screening. Many types of ...
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EVALUATION OF ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY OF ACHYRANTHES AASPERA LEAVES
Anxiety is one of the main psychiatric disorders worldwide. Furthermore, it is difficult to find out the patients suffering from various kinds of anxiety diseases. Numerous herbal plants have been utilized to treat the anxiety disease in traditional medical systems for thousands of years because of their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-anxie...
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A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON DRUG-RELATED PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
The aim and objective of the study are to determine the nature, frequency, and potential risk factors of drug-related problems in pediatric patients. For three months, a prospective observational study was carried on 56 pediatric patients at Niloufer Hospital, India. A data collection form was prepared, and DRPs were identified based on the classification criteria of PCNE for drug-related problems...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF FRUITS PULP EXTRACTS FROM ADANSONIA DIGITATA L. (BOMBACACEAE) AND ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA LAM. (RHAMNACEAE)
This current investigation was designed to assess in-vitro the ability of the extract to prevent free radical-induced oxidative cell damages. Fibroblasts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide and treated with gradual concentrations of ethanol and dichloromethane fruits pulp extracts from Adansonia digitata and Ziziphus mauritiana. The cell viability was measured after 24h of treatment by using the 3-(...
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ETHNOMEDICINAL EXPLORATION OF ORNAMENTAL FLORA OF ARAVALLI HILL RANGES OF REWARI DISTRICT OF HARYANA, INDIA
Ornamental plants (OPs) are used for intensifying, glorifying surroundings, adding a positive attitude towards life, enhancing estate value, and developing a feeling of well-being and happiness. This research aimed to record the ornamental plants and ethnomedicinal document usage of the plants by the local people of the Rewari district of Haryana State. The data was collected through field surveys...
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