Volume 16 (2025) - Issue 12, December
Review Articles
OXYGEN & NITROGEN CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS: A BOON FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC RESEARCHES
Heterocyclic compounds have emerged as a focal point in medicinal and biological research due to their diverse applications. Their unique structures, often incorporating atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur within their rings, offer a wide range of potential therapeutic properties. These compounds form the backbone of over 90% of novel drugs, bridging the gap between chemistry and biology. Thei...
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THE IMPACT OF AI ON DRUG DEVELOPMENT: FROM DISCOVERY TO PRODUCTION
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the pharmaceutical industry by enhancing every stage of drug development, from discovery to manufacturing and post-market surveillance. This article explores the diverse applications of AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, to accelerate the identification of drug targets, predict drug efficacy and safet...
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COLCHICINE IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Colchicine, a centuries-old anti-inflammatory agent derived from the autumn crocus, has garnered renewed interest in cardiovascular medicine due to its unique pharmacological properties. This review examines the evolution, clinical applications, and controversies surrounding colchicine in cardiovascular care. Beginning with a historical overview, the authors delve into its pharmacokinetics and pha...
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INNOVATIONS IN CANINE DISTEMPER MANAGEMENT: CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Canine distemper is a highly contagious and often fatal disease affecting domestic dogs and a wide range of wild carnivores. Caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), a morbillivirus, it presents with diverse clinical signs that can complicate timely diagnosis and treatment. Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis, improving diagnostic techniqu...
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PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENTS AND THEIR ELABORATIVE APPROACH
Drug delivery refers to administering pharmacological substances for therapeutic purposes. The pharmaceutical sector is rapidly evolving, exploring various dosage and administration methods, including targeted immunotherapies, which often require innovative excipients. The choice of excipients significantly affects drug characteristics like onset of action, bioavailability, and stability. This rev...
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COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT NANOPARTICLE PREPARATION METHOD – A REVIEW
Nanoparticles have gained significant attention in various scientific and industrial field due to their unique physical, chemical and biological properties. The method of nanoparticle synthesis plays a crucial role in determining their size, shape, stability and functional efficiency. This review provides a detailed comparative analysis of various nanoparticle preparation method, primarily focusin...
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ROLE OF LOCUST OLFACTORY TO DETECT CANCER
Locusts are well-known for their exceptional sense of smell, are emerging as potential bio-hybrid sensors that could be used in cancer detection. This review analyses the possible ways to develop their sensitive olfactory systems to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by cancer cells. Around 50,000 receptors remain present on the antennae of locusts, are capable to specify cancerous ...
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ADVANCEMENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN OPHTHALMIC IN-SITU GEL: SMART DRUG DELIVERY FOR ENCHANCED OCULAR THERAPY
Ocular in-situ gel systems are an improvised formulation in ocular drug administration, successfully addressing the limitations of standard eye drop formulations, such as low bioavailability and the necessity for frequent dosing. This review focuses on the formulation strategies, working mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of these gels in enhancing treatment outcomes. These systems rely on i...
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ADVANCEMENTS IN ACNE VULGARIS TREATMENT: EXPLORING NANOEMULGEL DELIVERY SYSTEMS, CURRENT THERAPEUTICS, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN NANOPARTICLE-BASED APPROACHES
Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition that affects millions globally, with significant physical, emotional, and social impacts. In spite of the accessibility of various therapeutic options, treatment efficacy remains limited due to issues such as drug resistance, side effects, and poor skin penetration. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of innovative drug deli...
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ROLE OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN CISPLATIN-INDUCED TOXICITY: AN OVERVIEW
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent. It is highly effective against various malignancies but is often limited by its severe toxic effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are key mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced organ damage. In recent years, medicinal herbs have gained attention as potenti...
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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: PATHOLOGICAL HALLMARKS OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Dementia is a collection of symptoms, including memory loss and cognitive impairment, that cause neuronal disruption and lead to certain mental illnesses. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potential causes of illness extension include tau aggregation, amyloid beta build-up outside of neurons, and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside neurons. At one po...
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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR ACNE, OBESITY, AND HAIR FALL: PHYTOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS AND THERAPEUTIC EVIDENCE
Medicinal plants have long played a central role in traditional medicine systems for treating dermatological and metabolic disorders, including acne vulgaris, obesity, and hair fall. In this review, 70 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2025 sourced from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically evaluated to explore the phytochemical profiles, pharmacolog...
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RAFT-FORMING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Raft-forming drug delivery systems (RF-DDS) are a novel approach within gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. These systems form a gel-like raft that floats on gastric contents, offering prolonged retention, localized drug delivery, and reduced systemic side effects. RF-DDS have been particularly effective in managing gastr...
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COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON UNCOMMON MEDICAL CONDITIONS OF 2025
The spread of infectious diseases, both emerging and well-known, remains a pressing concern this year. Infectious diseases continue to pose a serious threat in 2025, driven by factors like declining childhood vaccination rates and rising vaccine scepticism, especially with the potential return of a Trump-era health leadership. In Uganda's Bundibugyo district, a mysterious illness called "Dinga Din...
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FORSKOLIN AND METABOLIC HEALTH: A REVIEW OF COLEUS FORSKOHLII’S ROLE IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AND BEYOND
Coleus forskohlii (syn. Plectranthus barbatus), a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family, has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine. Its primary bioactive compound, forskolin, a labdane diterpene, is known for its metabolic and weight management effects. Forskolin activates adenylate cyclase, increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, which regulate lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, and energy...
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Research Articles
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF A NOVEL POLYHERBAL ORAL MEDICATED JELLY FOR TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS
Background: Urolithiasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, characterised by occurrence of urinary stones and affecting approximately 12% of the global population. It is also linked to chronic diseases like chronic renal disease, cardiovascular disease thereby posing significant health risks. Contemporary treatments are symptomatic and fail to produce lithotriptic activity and thus recurren...
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FORMULATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY MIXTURES OF POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG TELMISARTAN AND THEIR IN-VITRO EVALUATION FOR ENHANCED SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION BY SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE
The present study was carried out to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug Telmisartan, by solid dispersion technique using different carriers and super disintegrants by solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions were prepared with mannitol and PEG 6000 in different ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5. In-vitro dissolution profile of solid dispersion (SD) with drug and mannitol in th...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL, SPECTROSCOPIC AND IN-SILICO EVALUATION OF RUMEX ACETOSA LINN. FOR NEUROPROTECTIVE AND ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL
The present study investigates the pharmacological potential of Rumex acetosa through a multidisciplinary approach involving phytochemical analysis, UV and IR spectroscopy, and in-silico modelling. Ethanolic extracts of the plant were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones compounds known for their therapeutic propertie...
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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES IN D- GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATITIS IN ALBINO RATS
The study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in D -galactosamine (D-GalN) induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract of M. oleifera leaves at doses of 150mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight respectively per orally was evaluated by inducing hepatotoxicity with D-Galn at a do...
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLET OF ACYCLOVIR
Acyclovir, also known as acyclovir, is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Other uses include the prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following transplant, and severe complications of Epstein–Barr virus infection. To develop and evaluate a sustained-release formulation of acyclovir, due to its short ha...
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ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE IN TRIAZOPHOS-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS
The present work includes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of edible macrofungus Schizophyllum commune, and to compare the antioxidant potentialities of the aqueous extract and the extract-based silver nanoparticles using Albino Wistar Rats. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed the SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) peak at 431 in the UV-VIS spectrum. The SEM i...
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POTENTIATION OF PENTOBARBITAL INDUCED HYPNOSIS BY MYRISTICIN IN RATS
Background: Myristicin is a naturally occurring allyl benzene primarily obtained from various plants and spices like nutmeg, fennel, parsley and carrot. Herbs and spices abundant in Myristicin are utilized in traditional medicine to manage conditions like abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rheumatism, anxiety, fever, and halitosis. Nutmeg has been utilized as a mild sedative. Myristicin produces dose-dep...
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ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AEGLE MARMELOS USING EXTRACTION IN DIFFERENT MEDIUM
The present study investigates the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial efficacy of Aegle marmelos leaf extracts obtained using different solvents aqueous, ethanol, methanol, and hydroalcoholic (70% ethanol). Phytochemical analysis revealed that hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts contained the highest concentrations of total phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, and alk...
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DCP VS RITUXIMAB IN PEMPHIGUS GROUP OF DISORDERS
Background: Pemphigus group disorders, presents clinically as flaccid blisters over skin and (or) mucosa and show acantholytic cells on tzanck smear. This condition requires longer duration of treatment, currently systemic steroids, immunosuppressant’s, DCP and biologicals etc are in use. In this study we compare the efficacy and safety of DCP vs rituximab therapy in pemphigus group of disorders...
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DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Background: Drug utilization studies (DUS) assess the marketing, distribution, prescription, and use of drugs, emphasizing their medical, social, and economic impacts. In intensive care units (ICUs), rational drug use is essential due to the complexity of treatment and the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Aim: This study analyzes antimicrobial utilization patterns in the Medical ICU. Methods: A c...
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IMPACT OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG-INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Background: Psychotropic medications are integral to managing psychiatric disorders; however, their associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can significantly impair patients' quality of life (QOL). Objective: To evaluate the spectrum of ADRs linked to psychotropic drug use and assess their impact on QOL among psychiatric patients at a tertiary care centre. Methods: In this cross-sectional observa...
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PRECISE AND ACCURATE UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM: A VALIDATION STUDY
The present study aimed to develop and validate a simple, precise, and accurate UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of atorvastatin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method exhibited excellent linearity over the concentration range of 20–120 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9996 and a regression equation of y = 0.01x + 0.0048. Precision was confirmed throug...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LINAGLIPTIN MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCH
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, with type II diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent form, primarily resulting from insulin resistance and/or insufficient insulin secretion. Mucoadhesive buccal patches, which are designed to adhere to the buccal mucosa for systemic effectiveness, offer a more effective option for oral administrat...
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NANO SILVER INFUSED ANTIFUNGAL UNDERGARMENT: DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND CLINICAL EVALUATION
Background: Fungal infections, particularly dermatophytosis, affect nearly one-fourth of the global population, with Tinea cruris being prevalent in humid climates. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antimicrobial particularly antifungal properties and may offer an effective textile-based solution. This study aimed to develop, characterize, and clinically evaluate nanosilver-infused antif...
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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF POLY-HERBAL FORMULATION FOR ESCHAR REMOVAL AND WOUND HEALING
The objective of this work was to create a polyherbal formulation and evaluate its antibacterial and wound-healing properties in an in-vitro setting. Physicochemical properties of a topical polyherbal formulation were assessed with the chitosan, gelatin, neem, pectin, honey, and aloe vera were combined in different proportions. Polyherbal formulations were assessed for their tensile strength, swel...
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CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OPTIMUM MEDICAL MANAGEMENT BASED ON THE RADIOLOGICAL, NASO-ENDOSCOPIC AND SUBJECTIVE DETERMINANTS
This study critically examines the effectiveness of various medical management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, addressing a significant gap in the current literature related to the absence of standardized treatment protocols that adequately integrate radiological findings, naso-endoscopic assessments, and patient-reported outcomes. Through a thorough analysis that encompas...
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF FAMOUS GREEN TEA BRANDS IN INDIA
Green tea, one of the most popular beverages in India and around the world, is made from dried leaves of the Camellia sinensis L. tea plant. The same flavour, such as lemon and honey from each brand, has been employed to prevent errors in chemical composition caused by variations in available flavours. Samples were prepared for infusion by heating distilled water to 100℃ for ten minutes. The amo...
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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL HERBAL LOTION USING ANNONA SQUAMOSA LINN. LEAVES AQUEOUS EXTRACT
The growing demand for natural excipients has catalysed a shift from synthetic sources toward botanical antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. This study evaluates the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of aqueous extracts from Annona squamosa Linn. leaves typically considered agro-waste. The aqueous foliar extract underwent comprehensive phytochemical screening, quantification of total p...
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ASSESSMENT OF MEDICATION USE PATTERN FOR MANAGING NOENATAL SEPSIS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a burning problem globally due to irrational use of antibiotics. Drug utilization study is a strong tool for evaluating rational use of antibiotics. Objective: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern, to assess the risk factors associated with Neonatal sepsis & to encourage rational prescribing for these patients in tertiary care teaching hospital. M...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOPICAL NIFEDIPINE AND 2% DILTIAZEM GEL LOCAL APPLICATION IN THE TREATMENT OF FISSURE-IN-ANO
Background: Anal fissure is a common anorectal disorder characterised by severe pain during defaecation, bleeding, and internal anal sphincter spasm. Conservative treatment using topical calcium channel blockers offers an effective, non-invasive alternative to surgery. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.3% nifedipine versus 2% diltiazem gel in the non-surgical management of fissur...
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IMPACT OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION ON MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES AND FERTILITY OUTCOMES IN WOMEN FROM NORTHWESTERN RAJASTHAN: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder affecting women’s reproductive health, manifesting as menstrual irregularities and infertility. Regional data from Northwestern Rajasthan remain limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual disturbances and fertility outcomes in women attending a tertiary care hospital in Northwestern Raja...
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MOLECULAR DOCKING-BASED CLASSIFICATION OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN INHIBITORS AND THEIR POTENTIAL INTERACTION WITH DIGOXIN
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a membrane efflux transporter influencing drug absorption and disposition. Inhibiting P-gp may increase plasma levels of substrates like digoxin, heightening toxicity risk. This study aimed to classify 35 drugs based on their molecular docking-derived binding affinity to P-gp and their potential to inhibit digoxin transport, using estimated inhibition constants (Ki). Docki...
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CORRELATION BETWEEN METHOTREXATE PLASMA CONCENTRATION AND CLINICAL EFFICACY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A 6-MONTH PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with therapeutic efficacy often attributed to optimal systemic exposure. However, interindividual variability in MTX plasma concentration can influence treatment response. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between plasma MTX concentrations and clinical efficacy over a ...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANALYTICAL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RELATED IMPURITIES IN MESALAMINE
Mesalamine is a key therapeutic agent used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ensuring its purity and controlling related impurities is critical for drug safety and efficacy. This study focuses on the development and validation of a robust reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous detec...
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TO STUDY CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF AMLODIPINE AND CILNIDIPINE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED CASES OF HYPERTENSION
Introduction: Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases and death. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are effective in managing various stages of hypertension. The aim of study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of amlodipine and cilnidipine in newly diagnosed patients of hypertension. Material and Methods: This prospective, rand...
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