Volume 17 (2026) - Issue 2, February
Review Articles
ME-TOO DRUGS: A REVIEW OF THEIR ROLE AND IMPACT ON HEALTHCARE
Me-too drugs are pharmacologically active compounds that have structural similarities to the first-in-class compound. Approximately 60% of drugs on the World Health Organization's list of essential treatments fall into the "me-too" category. They are an important but contentious component of modern pharmacotherapy, with minor improvements in cost, efficacy, side effects, and compliance on one side...
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OSTEOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MORINGA OLEIFERA – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF IN-VIVO STUDIES
Background: Alveolar bone defects are common in dentistry. Bone tissue repair involves a complex inflammatory process, regulated by osteoprogenitor cells from the periosteum and endosteum, which are vital for new bone matrix formation. Recently, plant extracts have gained attention as potential treatments for bone lesions. Moringa oleifera exhibits various medicinal properties, largely due to its ...
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A REVIEW ON SIDDHA POLYHERBAL FORMULATION NILAVAGAI CHOORANAM- A SPECIAL MEDICINE FOR ANORECTAL DISEASES
Traditional Siddha Medicine (TSM) is one of the oldest forms of traditional medicine, having its roots in South India's ancient Tamil Nadu. One of the Internal Medicines available in Classical text Brammamuni Karukkidai Choothiram is Nilavagai Chooranam. It is used to treat Malakkattu (Constipation), Vaaivu (One of the three humours), Soodukollal (Intense heat in pelvic region), Sori & Sirangu...
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A MINI REVIEW ON BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION
This review emphasizes the effectiveness of bioanalytical techniques in pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological evaluations, highlighting their essential role in drug development. The quantitative assessment of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and endogenous chemicals in biological matrices such blood, plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid was the focus of a thorough examination of bioa...
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POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES: AN OVERVIEW OF PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny particles with a size between 10 and 1000 nm, with the ability to contain or have active substances surface-adsorbed onto the polymeric core. Both nanospheres and nano capsules are under the umbrella of "nanoparticles," which are distinguished by the morphological organization. For the targeted delivery of medications used to treat a variety of disorders, pol...
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MEDICATION ADHERENCE: AN OVERVIEW
Medication adherence is a critical determinant of therapeutic success, particularly in the long-term management of chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Despite the availability of effective pharmacological therapies, non-adherence remains a widespread and under-recognized problem that significantly compromises clinical outcomes, increases healthcare utilization, and imposes a substantial ec...
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NEUROPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CINNAMON: EVIDENCE FROM ANIMAL MODELS, MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS, AND THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS
Owing to the abundant evidence in preclinical models, Cinnamon, and its bioactive constituents are being explored currently for their preventative and therapeutic potential against select neurodegenerative conditions. Cinnamon contains a wide variety of bioactive components viz., cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, cinnamic acid, tannin, catechin, proanthocyanidin, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and coumarin....
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BREAKING BARRIERS: ENHANCING DRUG ABSORPTION THROUGH BUCCAL MUCOSA
Buccal drug delivery has emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional administration routes due to the buccal mucosa’s favourable anatomical and physiological characteristics. Its rich vascularization, non-keratinized epithelium, and mucoadhesive potential collectively enable efficient systemic and localized drug delivery. These features facilitate rapid absorption of therapeutic agents w...
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A REVIEW ON: ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT OF IMPROPER DRUG DISPOSALS
Improper disposal of unused, expired, or partially consumed medicines through household trash or drains releases active drug residues into soil and water, harming aquatic life, disturbing microbial balance, and promoting antibiotic resistance. In India, limited waste management systems and low public awareness worsen this problem. Article shown that most people were unaware of proper disposal meth...
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SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON IMPROVING BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS WITH EMPHASIS ON HPLC
Aqueous solubility refers to a drug's ability to dissolve in water or an aqueous medium, and this property plays a pivotal role in determining its effectiveness. A major challenge in modern drug development is that a large proportion around 70–90% of investigational compounds and approximately 40% of marketed drugs exhibit low solubility. This limitation often results in insufficient absorption,...
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Research Articles
SYNTHESIS, DOCKING STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THIAZOLE SCHIFF BASE DERIVATIVES
Fifteen Thiazole Schiff bases derivatives were synthesized, designed and evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Based on literature review compounds were synthesized, docked and tested for All biological assays were performed in triplicate (n = 3). Positive controls: Ciprofloxacin (10 µg/mL) for antibacterial and Ketoconazole (10 µg/mL) for antifungal assays. Results are expressed...
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A STUDY ON NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA ON GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Methods: Adult albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animal each, group I (normal control) treated with 2% Gum acacia orally, group II (positive control) treated with 2% Gum acacia orally with 100 mg/kg intraperitoneal gentamicin, group III (sta...
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ELUCIDATION OF PATENTABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR SGLT-2 AND DPP-4 INHIBITOR ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG PRODUCTS IN INDIA VIS-À-VIS USA
Increasing number of Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global public health concern. There are several drug products approved by USFDA and regulatory agency of India for the effective treatment of diabetes mellitus. Subsequently, innovator companies, applied for Patent protection with various primary and secondary attributes of the drug product. Through this Exploratory Research, we precisely in...
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PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM BLOOD SAMPLES OF ICUS PATIENTS
Introduction: Bloodstream infections (BSI) refer to the presence of microorganisms in blood, which constitute one of the most serious situations among infectious diseases; as they are a threat to every organ in the body. Septicemia is a condition in which bacteria circulate and actively multiply in the bloodstream and may produce their products (e.g. toxins) that cause harm to the host Similarly, ...
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DEVELOPMENT, STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOATING ALGINATE BEADS OF NITROFURANTOIN
The present study focuses on the formulation of floating beads of Nitrofurantoin to achieve sustained release, thereby enhancing patient compliance, especially for individuals who struggle to take the dose at regular intervals. Nitrofurantoin is a commonly used antibacterial agent for urinary tract infections, belonging to BCS Class II, characterized by poor aqueous solubility and a short half-lif...
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AQBD DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF FURAZOLIDONE AND METRONIDAZOLE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
A Quality by Design approach to analytical method development involves selection of predetermined objective, determined critical parameters, evaluation, appropriate method selection and risk assessment. Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) helps to understand the selected method more precisely than traditional method. An important component of AQbD is understanding of independent variables (Factors...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FETO-MATERNAL OUTCOME IN TEENAGE PREGNANCY VERSUS ADULT PREGNANCY
Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, and is often linked to higher risks of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between teenage pregnancy and fetomaternal morbidity and mortality, compared with adult primigravida pregnancies. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational ...
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EFFECT OF JEEVAMRUTHAM ON THE CULTIVATION OF LEAFY VEGETABLE BASELLA ALBA L.
The increasing demand for chemical-free vegetables has encouraged the use of traditional organic inputs such as Jeevamruthama fermented bio-liquid prepared from cow dung, cow urine, jaggery, pulse flour and soil. The present pot culture study evaluated the influence of Jeevamrutham on soil nutrient status, irrigation water quality, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constit...
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EVALUATION OF THE DIURETIC EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF VITEX TRIFOLIA LEAVES IN ALBINO RATS
Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the diuretic effect of ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia leaves in albino rats. Methods: Normal rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 animal each. Group I (Control) treated with 2% Gum Acacia in distilled water orally, Group II (Standard/F20) treated with Furosemide 20mg/kg b.w. orally. Group III and IV treated with Ethanol extract of Vitex trifolia L. leav...
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IN-SILICO COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE FROM CORAL AND SYMBIOTIC ALGAE AND ITS INTERACTION WITH COSMETIC AGENTS THROUGH MOLECULAR DOCKING
Coral reefs are dynamic ecosystems sustained by complex metabolic interactions between corals and their symbiotic algae, where Carbonic anhydrase (CA) plays a key role in biomineralization and carbon cycling. In the current study, the CA sequence of Symbiodinium microadriaticum (Zooxanthellae) was retrieved from NCBI and its three-dimensional structure was predicted using trRosetta. The CA structu...
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BARRIERS TOWARDS BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN A NEW MEDICAL COLLEGE, TAMIL NADU
Background: Biomedical research plays a pivotal role in enhancing the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, and it has a profound effect on the policies related to health care programs. Aims: The objectives of this study are to assess the current level of knowledge among medical students regarding biomedical research, to explore the attitudes of medical students toward participating in...
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A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND RATIONAL PRESCRIBING PATTERNS WITH COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF BUNDELKHAND REGION
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant challenge in clinical medicine frequently contributing in increasing morbidity, hospital stays, and treatment costs. Despite advancements, irrational prescribing remains common and compromises patient safety. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 13 months (Feb 2024–Mar 2025) at Maharani Laxmi...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF 2% POVIDONE-IODINE VERSUS 0.15% BENZYDAMINE TOPICAL GARGLES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS
Background: Chronic pharyngitis, often associated to Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD), presents significant therapeutic challenges. Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of 2% w/v Povidone-Iodine (PI) and 0.15% w/v Benzydamine Hydrochloride (BZ) gargles in patients with chronic pharyngitis secondary to LPRD/GERD. Methods: This prospective, ra...
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A STUDY OF ADVERSE EVENTS OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS ON PATIENTS ADMITTED IN PSYCHIATRY WARD – A NATURALISTIC STUDY
Background: Psychiatric disorders requiring chronic use of psychotropic drugs can cause a wide range of potential adverse effects that can have life-threatening outcomes if not detected and treated on time. This study is aimed towards monitoring and assessing Adverse Drug Events caused by psychotropic drugs. Methods: A prospective observational study was done among 100 patients in Psychiatry Indoo...
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EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTIONS ABOUT PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS REPORTING AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA
Background: Medication safety among patients is one of the important issues in the modern world. Pharmacovigilance Programme of India was introduced with the aim of safeguarding the people’s health in India. Major limitations are underreporting and poor quality of reports. To strengthen the healthcare system, a multidisciplinary team of health care professionals is essential. Nurses are the pers...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FRUIT, LEAF, AND BARK EXTRACTS FROM UNDERUTILIZED FICUS SPECIES (VIZ. F. HISPIDA, F. SEMICORDATA, AND F. RACEMOSA)
The present study explored the phytochemical makeup, antioxidant potential, and chemical profile of three important Ficus species viz. Ficus hispida, Ficus semicordata, and Ficus racemosa. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of these species. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed notable levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins in all the species, w...
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ANTI-ANAEMIC ACTIVITY AND POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF ASTERACANTHA LONGIFOLIA AND MORINGA OLEIFERA IN 2, 4-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE INDUCED ANAEMIC RATS MODEL
Anaemia remains a widespread health issue, particularly in developing countries, due to nutritional deficiencies and oxidative stress. The use of plant-based remedies offers a safer alternative to conventional treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-anaemic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Asteracantha longifolia and Moringa oleifera in 2, 4-diphenylhydrazine (DPH)-induced anaemic ...
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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST THE BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL STRAINS
The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens underscores the need for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly plant-derived phytochemicals. This study evaluated the antimicrobial potential of Soleirolia soleirolii, Arctium lappa (Burdock), and Psidium guajava using two extraction methods: decoction and percolation. Extraction yields varied, with decoction producing 25.0% (A. lappa)...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF SULFASALAZINE
Site-specific drug delivery systems are designed to provide therapeutic drug concentrations at targeted body sites, achieving effective treatment while minimizing impact on non-target tissues. Targeted drug delivery specifically directs drugs into designated biological locations, optimizing therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects. Among current advances, colon- specific drug delivery system...
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DEVELOPMENT OF GEL WITH CURCUMIN SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND EVALUATION OF ITS IN-VIVO WOUND HEALING AND ANTIMICROBIAL CAPABILITIES
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are metallic nanoparticles that play an important role in nanomedicine as antimicrobial agents, wound management, anti-diabetic, burn care, cancer diagnosis and therapy, etc. Natural polyphenol curcumin, which is derived from turmeric, is well-known for its ability to heal wounds and has been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. A...
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NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANTS USED FOR PREPARATION OF MEDICATED AND EDIBLE HERBAL RECIPE BY BODO TRIBE DURING RONGJALI BWISAGU FESTIVAL IN BODOLAND TERRITORIAL REGION OF ASSAM
India is endowed with several tribal foods. Tribal foods have received global recognition for their potential to improve food security while enhancing biodiversity worldwide. The valuable properties of wild tribal foods require proper study and documentation in order to bridge the gap between scientific evidence generation and ancestral indigenous people's knowledge. Herbal recipes were prepared b...
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DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF CANCER CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN GOA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of cancer management but is often accompanied by significant toxicity and economic burden. Drug Utilization Studies (DUS) are essential for evaluating prescribing practices and ensuring rational, cost-effective therapy. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the drug utilization patterns of 400 oncology patients at Goa Medical College between February ...
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EFFECTIVENESS OF CRYOTHERAPY AND TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION ALONG WITH POST-OPERATIVE REHABILITATION FOR ARTHROGENIC MUSCLE INHIBITION IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee, not just among athletes but even in general population. Surgical treatment restores stability and limits progressive degeneration and long-term instability of the knee. Hence surgery is the preferred treatment for athletes and patients with physically demanding occupations. Despite the best effo...
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