Volume 9 (2018) - Issue 12, December
Review Articles
BACTERIAL DIARRHOEA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Infective diarrhoea is a common cause of malnutrition in children <5 years of age. The aetiological agents may be bacteria, viruses or parasites. The bacterial agents cause diarrhoea by either secretion of toxins which act on the small intestine to cause outpouring of fluids into the lumen as seen in Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aure...
6491
1746
ASPERGILLOSIS: AN OVERVIEW
Aspergillus produces both airborne and waterborne infections with deadly consequences depending on the species involved and the immune status of patients. Patients may remain asymptomatic for up to 18 months. The severity of aspergillosis is mainly seen in HSCT recipients with mortality up to 90%. Though aspergillosis is primarily opportunistic and lung is the primary site of infection yet deviati...
3298
1249
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite advances in prevention techniques and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment incidence and mortality continue to rise. It is less common in...
5099
1317
Research Articles
NEW APPROACHES OF 4-ARYL-2-HYDRAZINOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR DOCKING, AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATIONS
In the field of the preparation of chemotherapeutic agents with new mechanism distinct from currently approved drugs is important. However, the clinically effective approved small inhibitor molecule is still lacking. Previous reports indicated that 4-aryl-2-hydrazinothiazole derivatives provided a useful start point to develop HAT inhibitors (histone acetyltransferase). Consequently, preparation a...
2691
1361
NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS LEAF FACILITATES INSULIN SECRETION, GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND PANCREATIC FUNCTION IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCAEMIA IN WISTAR RATS
The antihyperglycaemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis (ALENL) was evaluated in rats. Twenty-five rats of both sexes (120 - 160 g) were divided into five groups (A-E) of 5 animals each. Group A (control) rats were administered 0.5 ml of distilled water (DW) orally while those in group B received 100 mg/kg body weight of ALENL. Animals in groups C, D and E which induced into h...
3449
1077
EPITOPE VACCINE DESIGN FOR VARIANT 2 STRAINS CIRCULATING IN IRAQ AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Infectious bronchitis virus causes infectious bronchitis in chickens. Variant 2 is a virulent strain circulating in the Middle East, Iraq is one of them, which harbor the strain at high rate causes a severe economic loos. Sequences of variable S1 glycoprotein were collected, consensus sequence derived and used in computational epitope vaccine design. The results gave one B cell epitope “DFMYGSYH...
2961
1083
EFFECT OF CHITOSAN COATING ON THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GEFITINIB LOADED NANOLIPOSOMES
In the present work the nanoliposomes prepared by using REV and MEU methods were coated with different concentration of chitosan solutions. The main objective behind this work was to assess the physical properties, stability and in vitro release of uncoated and chitosan coated nanoliposomes of gefitinib. The existence of a covering on the exterior of nanoliposomes was confirmed by the modification...
2456
1150
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTI-ALZHEIMERIC ACTIVITY OF TACRINE LOADED POLY (LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) NANOPARTICLES
The objective of this study was to formulate and characterize Tacrine loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles used for the treatment of alzheimer’s disease and were prepared by modified nano precipitation method. Pharmacodynamics studies of the nanoparticles were evaluated for brain targeting and memory improvement in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice using Morris water maze test ...
2716
1122
SYNTHESIS OF MANNICH BASES OF NORFLOXACIN: CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS
Quinolones are the organic compounds that act against the DNA-gyrase enzyme, a type II topoisomerase. Norfloxacin is one such quinolone which is characterized by a piperazinemoiety at C-7 position. This moiety plays a significant role in determining the antibacterial spectrum and potency and serves as a site amenable to significant modification. N-Mannich bases have proved to be potential prodrug ...
2090
1023
EXPLOITATION OF SECOND GENERATION SUPERPOROUS HYDROGEL COMPOSITES AS MATRIX RETARDANTS, IN GEL COATING OF PREGABALIN FORMULATION AND IN-VIVO CHARACTERIZATION
The hydro dynamically balanced gastro retentive systems of Pregabalin has been formulated and evaluated which can retard the release of drug based on Super Porous Hydrogel Composites (SPHC) thereby prolong the release rate specifically in the upper part of the GIT. Fast swelling highly porous SPHCs are synthesized by gas blowing technique. The swelling property, mechanical strength and release pro...
1995
886
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEDIPASVIR SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE USING SPRAY DRYING AND HOT-MELT EXTRUSION
Ledipasvir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein, which is required for viral replication used in the treatment of hepatitis C. Ledipasvir is practically insoluble (less than 0.1 mg/mL) across the pH range of 3.0-7.5 Due to low solubility, it results into poor bioavailability after oral administration. Therefore, solid dispersions (SDs) of Ledipasvir were prepared by two methods, i.e. spray dryi...
3543
1037
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEVOCETIRIZINE ELIMINATION BY PRISTINE AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE MODIFIED ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
The elimination capacity of pristine powder activated charcoal PAC and powder activated charcoal modified with potassium permanganate MPAC to remove levocetirizine drug was investigated. The activated charcoal was impregnated with KMnO4 100 mg/L in order to improve the surface properties. The influence of concentration, time and pH on the adsorption of levocetirizine drug was conducted by means of...
2288
892
A NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
In the present work, a rapid, specific, accurate and precise Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Successful chromatographic separation of Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin was carried out with Inertsil-ODS, C18 column (250 × 4.6 m...
4521
1306
HEPATOPROTECTIVE EVALUATION OF BIXA ORELLANA L. SEED EXTRACT AGAINST ACUTE ETHANOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Disorders caused by excessive use of alcohol known as alcohol use disorders (AUD) are the most common cause of liver diseases including cirrhosis. In adults, the most common cause of death is alcohol consumption which leads to an array of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Present study has been conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Bixa orellana L. (BO) seed extract against acute...
2444
918
PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF NERVILIA CROCIFORMIS (ZOLL. & MORITZI) SEIDENF. AND NERVILIA INFUNDIBULIFOLIA BLATT. & MC CANN (ORCHIDACEAE) COLLECTED FROM KASARGOD DISTRICT, KERALA, INDIA
The whole plant extracts of N. crociformis and N. infundibulifolia was analyzed by priliminary phytochemical, total phenolics, flavonoid, carbohydrate and alkaloid content by standard methods. In-vitro antioxidant DPPH assay and Phosphomolybdenum assay developed by Braca et al., Prieto et al., respectively. In-vitro antibacterial (agar well diffusion) activity by gram negative Pseudomonas aerogino...
2560
980
QMS VERSUS HPLC-UV FOR LAMOTRIGINE PLASMA MONITORING
Lamotrigine (LTG), a synthetic anticonvulsant, may lead to therapy failure or toxicity risks due to the wide inter and intra individual pharmacokinetic variations. Those wide variations in LTG require its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Our study aims to compare the QMS method with the HPLC-UV which is considered as a reference method for TDM of LTG. The study was conducted in the Clinical Phar...
2197
753
ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY DISPLAYED BY ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM SOILS FROM KAVANGO AND HARDAP REGIONS IN NAMIBIA
Plasmodium falciparum and multidrug resistant bacteria such as Mycobacterium avium, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are among the top causes of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. These pathogens are responsible for the reported antibiotic resistance incidents globally. Due to the increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for new bioact...
2159
860
QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDIES OF SULFADIAZINE- SALICYLALDEHYDE SCHIFF BASE AS AN ANTI-MYCOBACTERIAL AGENTS
Quantitative structure activity relationship is among the most widely used computational technology for analogue-based drug design. A molecular modelling approach using sulfadiazine- salicylaldehyde Schiff base analogue as anti-mycobacterial activity from recently reported literature were taken and was designed using MOE 2009.10. Sulfanilamide sulfa drugs have been shown to inhibit dihydropteroate...
2037
894
MOLECULAR DOCKING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDIES OF QUASSINOIDS AS HIV-1 TAT INHIBITORS
TAT (Trans-activator-Transcription Protein) is a viral protein encoded by the TAT gene in HIV-1-which is a lethal subtype of HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus). It is vital for transcription of the viral genome. Previous studies show that in Human, TAT is a toxin-producing protein allowing cell death in obtained from QSAR studies, best quassinoid compounds were used to find the highest binding aff...
2639
984
IN-SILICO ANALYSIS OF SNPs FROM cAMP-GEFII GENE ASSOCIATED WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders that occur in women at any age due to the endocrine hormone imbalance. The cause for this disorder is still not identified, but on recent research provided that disorder may be caused by some genetic variation. Predicting and understanding the effects of genetic variation that occurred in the gene are becoming more important for ...
2371
880
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF INDENOISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES WITH DNA-TOPOISOMERASE I COMPLEX
The aim of the present study is to find the effectiveness of two series of indenoisoquinolines compounds against cancer. Topoisomerase I (Top 1) an essential enzyme that participates in the processes associated with separation of DNA strands and manages the super helical tensions through the transient breakage of one strand of duplex DNA, monitored by the unwinding of supercoiled DNA. The Top 1-DN...
2404
844
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND MELANOPHORES DURING STRESS CAUSED BY HIGH LIGHT INTENSITY IN INDIAN MAJOR CARP, CATLA CATLA
In response to several stressors such as intense light, fish elicit a generalized physiological stress response. Catla catla (61.3 ± 2.1 g) were exposed to five different light intensities of 983 ± 162 lx (L1), 1828 ± 324 lx (L2), 2676 ± 409 lx (L3), 3442 ± 648 lx (L4) and 114 ± 4 lx (Lc, control). Higher light intensities resulted in physiological stress, significantly (P<0.05) higher le...
2295
891
OPTIMIZING THE FORMULATION VARIABLES FOR ERLOTINIB LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Objective: There is rapidly growing interest in the development of nanoparticles drug delivery mainly for anticancer drugs as it promises to solve problems to several related to anticancer drugs. The aim of present work was to formulate erlotinib loaded chitosan nanoparticles using probe sonication technique. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of surface stabilizers and sonic...
2069
894
EFFECT OF MORCHELLA CONICA AND FOMES FOMENTARIUS EXTRACTS AGAINST THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS IN-VITRO
Antiviral properties of methanol and aqueous extracts from Morchella conica and Fomes fomentarius were assessed by colorimetric XTT test against human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). HEp-2 cell line was used for the cytotoxic and antiviral effects of the extracts. Non-cytotoxic concentrations of methanol and aqueous extracts of M. conica were tested in 50000 to 195 µg/mL. In contrast, the cyt...
2099
843
A REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY FOLLOWING 28 DAYS REPEATED ORAL EXPOSURE OF LEAVES OF PTEROSPERMUM ACERIFOLIUM (L.) WILLD IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated administration of methanolic leaf extract of Pterospermum acerifolium Linn. Willd. (MEPA) on the reproductive system of male and female Wistar albino rats and its developmental effects on subsequent generation. MEPA was administered to Wistar albino rats by gavage for 28 days repeatedly at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight,...
1921
820
IN-VITRO ANTI OXIDANT POTENTIAL SCREENING OF DIFFERENT LEAF EXTRACTS OF ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS LINN.
Free radicals are toxic by products of natural cell metabolism and are responsible for causing a wide number of health problems. Okra is a one of the traditional plant scientifically known as Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. belong to the family Mallow, having rich nutritional value and proved to have many therapeutic uses, various parts of this plant is used in different types of treatment, preparati...
1992
852
A STUDY TO COMPARE EFFICACY OF METFORMIN-GLIMEPIRIDE VERSUS METFORMIN-TENELIGLIPTIN IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS
Diabetes mellitus relates a metabolic disorder of collective aetiology which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia caused due to disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism due to impaired β cell function of pancreas or insulin resistance or both. Biguanides and Sulphonylureas are the most commonly prescribed drugs due to their efficacy and safety. A total of 60 patients were ...
15914
1612
PHARMACOVIGILANCE STUDY OF PATIENTS RECEIVING TREATMENT AT MEDICAL ICU OF C. U. SHAH MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL, SURENDRANAGAR
Background: Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can be a potential place for Pharmacovigilance due to high frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). Regular evaluation can help in understanding the pattern of ADR and reduce the incidence of it. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate incidence of ADRs in patients receiving various modes of treatment at medical ICU of our tertiary care hospital and classi...
2435
957
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK OF TECOMA STANS (L.) JUSS. EX KUNTH AND ESTIMATION OF GALLIC ACID
Tecoma stans is a well-known traditional plant in India. The plant can be used in diabetes, digestive problems, and rheumatism and as antimicrobial. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts of the stem bark of Tecoma stans (L.) by in-vitro and in-vivo methods. Ethyl acetate and alcoholic extract showed better anti-inflammatory activity by Human red blood cell ...
2721
820
EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN IN ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder carrying a high risk of malignant transformation. A wide range of treatment modalities have been proposed for OSMF but none have proved curative or reduced the morbidity significantly. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggested curcumin as an anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Thus based on this literatu...
3133
1114
A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP-UPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
A novel, sensitive and selective stability-representing RP-UPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Erythromycin estolate in Erythromycin 250 mg capsules. The chromatographic separation was achieved on BEH C18; 50 × 2.1 mm; 1.7 µm column by using mobile phase containing a mixture of 0.002M di-potassium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile 53:47 v/v at a flow r...
2711
1120
SALICYLIC ACID-INDUCED MODULATION OF GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF A MEDICINAL PLANT MENTHA SPICATA L.
Salicylic acid is a phenolic plant growth regulator found in plants with various important physiological roles. This investigation was aimed to study the effect of exogenous application of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolism and health status of Mentha spicata, an aromatic medicinal plant having several monoterpenes and antioxidants which show various kinds of medicinal properties. In the pre...
2751
946
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A NEW POLYHERBAL MOUTH WASH FOR ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY AGAINST ORAL BACTERIA
A new Polyherbal Mouth Rinse was formulated comprising of polyherbal extracts of grapes peel, neem, clove, fennel and ginger based on their traditional applications. The extracts used in the formulation and polyherbal mouth rinse both were subjected for anti-bacterial activity separately. Phytochemical tests and spectral studies of the extracts have indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds...
3949
1072
PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF SUFOOF – E – HAZIM
Sufoof - e -Hazim (SEH), Unani formulation with high therapeutic efficacy, has been reported to cure indigestion and flatulence. The formulation is available with different manufacturers but scientific data on its pharmacognosy is lacking. Hence, the current research work is an attempt to standardize the formulation and establish quality control parameters in terms of its phytochemical and chromat...
6949
1093
COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF MEDICATION ERRORS INCIDENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Introduction: Monitoring and assessment of the medication errors in hospitals can help in reducing the medical treatment costs and minimizing the risk of harm to the patients. This study aims to determine the frequency and types of medication errors and to assess the consequences of the errors which occurred. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross- sectional study was conducted in the ICU and...
4358
1066
PHOTOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES ALONG WITH PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF ROSE WATER
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sun has significant detoriating and degenerative effects on human skin and thus responsible for much skin disease. The most authentic and realistic approach to overcome this issue is to use or apply a barrier between sun rays and exposed skin surface using suitable products called sunscreens or UV protectors. Sunscreens usually include both natural and synthetic mol...
4331
1147
IMPROPER TECHNIQUE OF USING METER DOSE INHALER IN A SAMPLE OF ASTHMATIC PATIENTS
Background: Improper asthma inhaler device use was most likely one of the major causes associated with uncontrolled asthma and frequent respiratory clinic visits. Therefore, assessment of the effect of the improper use of metered dose inhaler device in the control of bronchial asthma, and the factors that have important impact on asthma management and control. Objectives: To evaluate the inhaler t...
1910
783
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUID AND SOLID SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE
The aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug in human body, using a solid dispersion technique. Solubility and dissolution rate is an important physicochemical factor affecting absorption of drug and its therapeutic effectiveness. Consequences of poor aqueous solubility would lead to failure in formulation development. The poor solub...
2386
826
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN KASHMIR, INDIA
Antimicrobial activity of 11 ethnomedicinal plant extracts was evaluated against five bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). Plants were collected from different regions of Kashmir Valley and the ethnomedicinal data were gathered from traditional healers and elders of the stu...
2286
940
AQUA DISTILLATION ENHANCES THE ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF ROSA DAMASCENA MILL.; A PILOT STUDY
Rosa damascena Mill. also known as Damask rose, Persian rose or Gul-e-Muhammadi of Rosaceae family is an aromatic small plant cultivated all over the world for its visual beauty, fragrances and therapeutic potential. The plant is rich in tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carboxylic acids and ascorbic acid. In addition to its aromatic properties, the plant possesses laxative, anti-oxidant, anti-bact...
2825
883
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES OF EFAVIRENZ- β CYCLODEXTRIN SOLID BINARY SYSTEMS
Efavirenz (EFA) solid binary systems were prepared with β-CD by co-grinding and microwave irradiation methods. Detection of inclusion complexation was done in solution state by means of phase solubility analysis and in solid state by FTIR, DSC and in-vitro Dissolution studies. Apparent stability constant revealed EFA with β-CD at 1:1 M produces stiochometric complex with AL type phase solubility...
5333
811
IMPAIRMENT OF OVARIAN BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ENZYMES ACTIVITIES DURING POTASSIUM BROMATE (KBRO3-) INTOXICATION IN ALBINO MICE MUS MUSCULUS
Potassium bromate (KBrO3-) is a chemical compound commonly used as a oxidizing agent that has been used as a food additive for baking of white bread, bun, pav and pizza bread. Potassium bromate (KBrO3-) is mainly known to generate free radicals, which cause oxidative damage to essential cellular macro molecules, leading to cause nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. In this part of experiment bi...
2640
788
SYNTHESIS AND QSAR STUDY OF NOVEL THIAZOLE MOIETIES HAVING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Thiazoles derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds, reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. Moreover, thiazole nucleus occupies a very important place in the field of antioxidant agents. The above observations prompted us to synthesize some novel thiazole derivatives with various substitutions at along with heterocyclic rings in the same framework for syne...
1935
803
IN-VITRO ANTI-LIPASE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL AYURVEDIC MEDICINE VARANADI KASHAYAM
Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of an Ayurvedic formulation Varanadi kashayam to inhibit pancreatic lipase activity in-vitro. It also focuses on antioxidant activity, total phenol, flavonoid and phenolic acid content of fractions of Varanadi kashayam and HPTLC fingerprinting of fractions. Methods: Fractionation of Varanadi kashayam was done by using five solvents of ...
3926
1028
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND THE STATE OF THE PRO-ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE PANCREAS OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETES AND THE RELEASE OF VANADIUM CITRATE
We investigated the effect of vanadium citrate in the amounts of 0.125, 0.5, and 2.0 µg/mL of water on the enzymatic activity of carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant system, and the level of lipid peroxide oxidation products in the pancreas of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Diabetes was detected at a glucose level of 15.14 mmol/L by measuring glucose level in the blood collected from the tai...
2759
886
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROSPHERES OF FLURBIPROFEN
Microsphere drug delivery systems have used to improve patient compliance, decreases toxicity, and increase efficacy. Also, the use of microspheres to deliver drugs has many other merits, like control-release of the drug, increase bioavailability and target delivery of the drug to the desired site. In this research shows the utility of encapsulating hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Methocel K4M) in...
7933
2533
L-ASPARAGINASE FROM PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA (AMLA): A NOVEL SOURCE
The biologically active compounds in plants reckoned their application in medicines from ancient times. Among the biologically active compounds enzymes have evolved as a potential therapeutic agent. L-asparaginase a therapeutic protein is extensively employed in medical sector to diagnose and treat leukemia. Bacteria, fungi, yeast and plants have been identified as potential sources of L-asparagin...
3286
1031
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME BRANDS OF CLARITHROMYCIN AND AZITHROMYCIN TABLETS USING THE CONCEPT OF DISSOLUTION EFFICIENCY AND SIMILARITY FACTOR
Counterfeit and substandard pharmaceutical products circulate widely in developing countries, yet adequate techniques to monitor quality is lacking. We report herein a quick and reliable approach to predict the in-vitro bioequivalence and interchangeability of common antibiotics using nine model drugs; four brands of azithromycin and five brands of clarithromycin tablets marketed in Nigeria. Pharm...
6232
1430
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL OVERVIEW ON TERMINALIA ARJUNA: A JUSTIFICATION OF FOLKLORIC BELIEF
The application of medicinal plants such as Terminalia arjuna to maintain health and treat disease started since time immemorial and still is a part of medical practice. The phytochemical analysis of bark of T. arjuna in methanolic, hydromethanolic (1:1), aqueous and petroleum ether extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, g...
2216
1224
TREATING DIABETES AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING PERSONALIZED MEDICATION
As in the cases of non-communicable but chronic and autoimmune disorders like diabetes, cancer, anemia and rheumatoid arthritis are growing threat to humans. They depend on the genetic information and the genome sequence of the patients and other factors like environmental factors. In most of the cases, the pattern of the disease, i.e. pathogenesis is different for every individual, though phenoty...
2719
759
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL POLYMERS AS PROTECTIVE LAYER POLYMERS ON TOLTERODINE TARTRATE CONTROL RELEASE MUPS TABLETS
Evaluation of different natural and synthetic polymers as protective layer polymers in the manufacturing of control release multi-unit pellet tablets, Tolterodine Tartrate was selected as a model drug with aqueous ethylcellulose suspension is used as control release polymer. Tolterodine Tartrate is highly soluble BCS Class- I molecule, hence selected aqueous solution layering method for drug loadi...
2904
1032
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICAL IN CORPORATED CREAM OF CLOBETASOL-17-PROPIONATE: DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION
The clinical efficacy of glucocorticoids is dependent on its potency and on its ability to be absorbed in to the skin and therefore, reach its site of action. Colloidal drug carriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles could target glucocorticoids to the epidermis, where the anti-inflammatory action takes place. Topical corticosteroids have long been the chronic stage in the treatment of steroid res...
2230
808
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POTENTIAL LEVELS OF VERMICOMPOST USING DIFFERENT WASTES FROM ERODE DISTRICT
Waste disposal has become one of the major problems we are facing today. The rapid increase in the generation of huge extent of waste is one feature of the environmental crisis. This is accompanying with recent global development with respect to rapid urbanization and population growth which has resulted into development of large quantity of organic solid waste. Vermi composting has become progres...
2042
874
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF CARISSA CARANDAS FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST DMBA INDUCED SKIN CARCINOGENESIS STUDIES IN SKIN OF SWISS ALBINO MICE: MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY
Antitumor and antioxidative efficacy of Carissa carandas extract (CCE) was investigated in this study against skin carcinogenesis which was initiated by a single topical application of 7, 12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene (100 mg / 100 ml acetone in 1% acetone) and two weeks, later promoted by repeated treatment of TPA (Croton oil) for 16 weeks (in 1% acetone) in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration...
2290
864
STUDIES ON TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF IRBESARTAN: MICROEMULSION AS A DELIVERY SYSTEM
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of microemulsion on in-vitro skin permeation, percutaneous absorption of Irbesartan and to postulate probable mechanism of skin permeation. Microemulsion was prepared by aqueous phase titration method. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed for the microemulsions. Thermodynamic stability study was carried out on selected microemulsion...
2542
868
DEVELOPMENT EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM BUCCAL PATCHES USING HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS
Among different routes of drug delivery buccal route is an attractive alternate for drug administration which provides improved patient compliance and increase bioavailability of drugs undergoing extensive hepatic first pass metabolism. The present research work focussed on development, evaluation and characterization of buccal patches of losartan potassium using mucoadhesive hydrophilic polymers ...
2307
919
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF A COMPOUND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA, ECLIPTA ALBA, & BUTEA MONOSPERMA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that has a significant impact on the health, quality of life, and life expectancy of patients, as well as on the health care system. Exercise, diet, and weight control continue to be essential and effective means of improving glucose homeostasis. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of diabetes by oral hypoglycemic agents, search for newer d...
1898
777
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMOKING AND HISTOLOGY OF LUNG CANCER IN MALAPPURAM DISTRICT OF KERALA, SOUTH INDIA
Background: Lung Cancer is the commonly diagnosed neoplasm in males in India. The main histological types of lung cancer are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. However, histological types may vary with the changes in geographical region, smoking status and other social factors. This study aimed to find out the relationship of smoking and histolo...
2053
744
SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR SIMULATION, AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPABILITY OF A NEW CLASS OF 2-PHENYL-1-BENZOPYRAN-4-ONE ON HUMAN MYELOPEROXIDASE ENZYME
The aim of the study was synthesis and characterization of 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one as a potential myeloperoxidase inhibitor. The oxidative stress was related to the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is responsible for the enhancement of several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Due to this fact, the study was targete...
1919
850
STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF RHIZOMES OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant property of Zingiber officinale as well as its interaction with conventional anticonvulsant drug using Maximal electroshock seizures (MES) model and to evaluate possible mechanism involved in its action. Method: The present study was done after getting ethical clearance. The rhizomes of ginger were authenticated and extraction of dried rhizomes was done by...
2705
984
N-[MORPHOLINO (4-NITROPHENYL) METHYL] NICOTINAMIDE AND ITS METAL COMPLEXES: SYNTHESIS AND EXPLORATION OF THEIR BIOACTIVITY
Synthetic organic compounds, containing relatively higher number of nitrogen attracting interest in the current medical research due to their utility in chemotherapy. The development of new medicines with more number of nitrogen atoms in their structural framework is an important challenging task for medicinal chemists. The lipophilicity of Mannich bases and their metal complexes enables them to b...
1920
858
INVESTIGATION OF SELECTED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION T-AYU-H & T-AYU-HM™ PREMIUM AS AN ANTISICKLING AGENT FOR SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic blood disorder that is caused by a mutation in the gene that encoded b-globin of haemoglobin, which results as the presence of abnormal haemoglobin HbS in the RBC. Presently, there is no universal cure for sickle cell anaemia Herbomineral formulations were standardized for organoleptic properties (colour, odour and taste), physiochemical properties, total ash value...
2346
855
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF PYRIMIDINE LINKED BENZENE SULPHONAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Background: It has been developed a new combination of Palladium catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig type reaction for the synthesis of N-tert- Butyl- 3- {[5- methyl- 2- (arylamino)pyrimidin- 4- yl]amino}benzene-sulfonamides 5 by the treatment of N-tert-butyl-3-[(2-chloro-5-methyl pyrimidin-4-yl)-amino]benzene sulfonamide 4 with various aromatic amines in the presence of Cs2CO3 and in DMF under microwave c...
1863
798