Volume 17 (2026) - Issue 3, March
Review Articles
HYPOXIC CHALLENGES AT ALTITUDE: MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS AND TRANSLATIONAL APPROACHES TO HIGH-ALTITUDE ILLNESS
High-Altitude Illness (HAI) refers to a spectrum of hypoxia-related syndromes occurring above 2,500 meters, ranging from mild acute mountain sickness (AMS) to life-threatening conditions like high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and pulmonary edema (HAPE). With the rise in trekking, tourism, and military operations in high-altitude regions, HAI has emerged as a significant public health concern. AM...
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INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS WITH ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND THERAPEUTIC MECHANISMS
The simultaneous use of traditional herbal remedies (HRs) and contemporary pharmaceuticals presents a significant risk of pharmacological interactions that can alter drug metabolism, efficacy, and patient safety. This systematic review aims to thoroughly examine these interactions, identify the most common occurrences, clarify their underlying mechanisms, and provide therapeutic recommendations fo...
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PRO AND ANTIANGIOGENIC PROPERTIES OF VITIS VINIFERA BIOACTIVES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF EXTRACTS, MECHANISMS, AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
Vitis vinifera is recognized for its diverse phytochemical composition, particularly polyphenols, which exert context‑specific modulatory effects on angiogenesis. This review explores how different extraction solvents aqueous, alcoholic, benzene, and acetone impact the biological activity of grape-derived compounds using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as an experimental platform...
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SLEEP-INDUCING EFFECTS OF MULBERRY LEAVES TO TREAT INSOMNIA NATURALLY
Sleep disorders are a prevalent health concern, impacting overall well-being and cognitive function. Natural compounds like flavonoids have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic effects on sleep regulation. Mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) are rich in bioactive flavonoids that exhibit sleep-improving properties by modulating key neurotransmitter systems. This study explores the effects of...
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POLYHERBAL CREAM FOR PSORIATIC SKIN UTILIZING CITRUS SINENSIS AND LINUM USITATISSIMUM OIL: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, resulting in scaly, erythematous plaques. Conventional treatments often involve corticosteroids, retinoids, and immuno-suppressants, which can have significant side effects and limited long-term efficacy. There is a growing interest in exploring complementary and alternative therapies, particular...
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ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITIES AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM ETHIOPIAN FLORA: A BRIEF REVIEW
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a dangerous metabolic illness that causes blood glucose levels to rise unnaturally. This is brought on by problems with insulin secretion, which controls how the body uses glucose to make energy. The two main types of diabetes mellitus (DM) are Type 1 DM and Type 2 DM. Type 1 Diabets Mellitus (T1DM), which is brought on by a complete or nearly complete lack of...
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AN OVERVIEW OF RICINUS COMMUNIS: PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE
Medicinal flora is essential for the preservation of human existence. Many people believe that herbs, in their natural medicinal state, are a gift from God to humanity. The use of herbal remedies has skyrocketed in the past few decades. Nearly seven thousand five hundred species make up the vast family Euphorbiaceae. The Ricinus communis plant, more often known as castor oil, is abundant in India,...
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OLIGONUCLEOTIDES: THE TINY MOLECULES, RESHAPING MODERN MEDICINE
Oligonucleotides (ONs) have become the groundbreaking category of therapeutics capable of specific control of gene expression and treatment of pathogenic mutations. ONs are transforming the future of modern medicine, with the use of antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, aptamers, and CRISPR guide RNAs. Multiple ON-based drugs have already been approved by FDA and EMA, and these dr...
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THERAPEUTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTIS LINN.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
The potential phytochemicals and pharmacological actions of the plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis are the main topic of this review. Nyctanthes arbor-tristiss isan extremely significant traditional plant in India, sometimes called parijata or harsinghar. Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani medicine have all been used to treat various infectious and non-infectious illnesses. Various medicinal properties, incl...
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Research Articles
ROLE OF QUERCETIN IN OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED GLIAL CELL INJURY
Glial cells are crucial for maintaining the stability of the brain, providing support to neurons, and managing oxidative stress. This research examined the cytoprotective effects of the flavonoid Quercetin on C6 glial cells subjected to oxidative stress induced by the chemical hypoxic mimetic Cobalt-Chloride (CoCl2). Treatment with cobalt chloride led to oxidative damage within the cells, indicate...
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BIOEQUIVALENCE OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN, GLIMEPIRIDE, AND METFORMIN FDC IN HEALTHY INDIAN VOLUNTEERS: A PATH TO DIABETES TREATMENT SIMPLIFICATION
Objectives: A fixed-dose combination (FDC) of Dapagliflozin, Glimepiride, and Metformin Extended-Release (ER) offers a comprehensive strategy for Type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on glycemic control, reduction of cardiovascular (CV) risk, and improved adherence through decreased pill burden. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence and safety of this FDC in healthy Indian adult volunteers unde...
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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF PHYLLANTHUS FRATERNUS AND IMPATIENS BALSAMINA ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS
The current research was conducted to compare the acute oral toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extracts of Phytanthus fraternus and Impatiens balsamina, two medicinal plants that have been used traditionally in treating pain and inflammation. The acute toxicity was evaluated in Swiss albino mouse based on the OECD guideline 423 at a dose of 300 mg and 2000 mg/kg. Th...
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PHARMACOGNOSTIC INSIGHTS, PHYTOMETABOLITE ANALYSIS AND IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-DIABETIC AND ANTI-PARKINSON’S EFFECTS OF KALANCHOE FEDTSCHENKOI LEAVES
Background: Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi is a traditionally used medicinal plant reputed for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. However, detailed scientific validation of its pharmacognostic and bioactive potential is limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemical profile, and in-vitro biological activities of K. fedtschenk...
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PHARMACOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF CYP2C19 VARIANTS AND THEIR PREDICTED METABOLIZER PHENOTYPES ACROSS SOUTH ASIAN, EUROPEAN AND EAST ASIAN POPULATIONS – AN IN-SILICO DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Objectives: CYP2C19 is an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, antiplatelets, and antiepileptics. Genetic variations in CYP2C19 can alter drug response and safety. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of three key CYP2C19 variants (*2, *3, *17) and predict metabolizer phenotypes across South Asian, European, and East Asian populations using i...
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PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN OIL IN ORGANOPHOSPHATE -INDUCED MALE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
The purpose of this research was to examine the harmful effects of Organophosphate (OP) on reproduction as well as the putative antioxidant agent Buchanania lanzan Oil (BLO potential)'s protective properties. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of eight each: the control group (CRL), the Organophosphate group (OP, 27 mg/kg), the Buchanania lanzan oil group (BLO, 0.5 ml/kg)...
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A CLINICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE THERAPEUTIC OUTCOMES OF DIURETICS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH COMORBIDITIES
This prospective observational study measures the prevalence of electrolyte disturbances in diabetes mellitus patients with co-morbidities who were under diuretic therapy. Further the levels of serum electrolytes and fasting blood glucose the patients were correlated with each other. Of all the 120 patients, 33.33% (40) were having diabetes with chronic kidney disease, 56.67% (68) were having diab...
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EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF SAPINDUS SAPONARIA ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a longtime metabolic illness characterized with the high concentration of glucose residue in the blood, is one of the key global health issues because of the prevalence and chronic outcomes. The traditional plant remedies in tackling the condition have attracted attention as an alternative to the conventional therapies, which are usually associated with undesirable side eff...
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METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF RITONAVIR AND NIRMATRELVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY UV-SPECTROSCOPY
The present study describes the development and validation of a simple, economical, accurate, and precise UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir in active pharmaceutical ingredients and tablet dosage forms, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, and Nirmatrelvir, a SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor, were selected for...
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IMPROVING MEDICATION ADHERENCE VIA MOBILE APPS: A USER-CENTRIC EVALUATION
Mobile health (mHealth) applications are increasingly used to support adherence by offering reminders, tracking tools and educational features. This narrative review aims to provide a user-centered comparative assessment of commonly available mHealth apps for medication adherence. This study was conducted over a period of 6 months to use and review six mobile apps. Each app was assessed based on e...
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PATTERN OF BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AMONG BLOOD CULTURE POSITIVE NEONATAL SEPSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Background: Neonatal sepsis (NS) is among the most prevalent and potentially fatal conditions. Given the current surge in antimicrobial resistance, a thorough understanding of prevalent bacterial illnesses and their pattern of drug susceptibility is crucial. Objectives: To study the pattern of bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility among blood culture-positive neonatal sepsis cases...
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COMPARISON OF SERUM ELECTROLYTES MEASUREMENT USING ABG ANALYSER AND ELECTROLYTE ANALYSER IN PATIENTS ADMITTED IN ICU
Electrolytes are crucial for establishing and maintaining the electrical potential across cell membranes. Electrolyte abnormalities can precipitate life-threatening events. The incidence of electrolyte disorders is nearly 25% in ICU patients. Ion selective electrodes (ISEs) are so far commonly used method for electrolytes estimation in clinical laboratories. Studies using different devices have re...
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A STUDY ON CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS DUE TO ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) REPORTED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DERMATOLOGY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL-A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Objective: This study aimed to analyse the demographic profile, incidence, types, nature, and severity of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) among patients attending the Department of Dermatology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Guwahati. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted following approval from the Institutio...
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EVALUATION OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERNS AND ANTIBIOTIC UTILIZATION IN LRTI PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in rural healthcare settings where diagnostic limitations influence antibiotic prescribing behaviour. Aim: To evaluate the prescription pattern and antibiotic utilization among patients diagnosed with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) in a rural hospital setting and to assess the rationa...
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ANALYTICAL STANDARDIZATION AND MULTI-STAGE AYURVEDIC SHODHANA (~PURIFICATION) OF VACHA RHIZOMES (ACORUS CALAMUS LINN.): HPTLC FINGERPRINTING, β-ASARONE DETOXIFICATION, AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING
Background: Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn.) is an important Ayurvedic herb with prominent neurotherapeutic properties. However, the Vacha rhizomes contain β-asarone - a major phytoconstituent which is toxic and carcinogenic, necessitating detoxification before safe use. Ayurvedic multi-stage Shodhana (~purification) is traditionally employed for this purpose. Objective: This study aims to develop, v...
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CLINICAL PROFILE AND PREVALENCE OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING INTEGRATED COUNSELLING AND TESTING CENTER IN DISTRICT LALITPUR, UTTAR PRADESH: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing nations like India. Objective: The objective of the study was to study prevalence and the sociodemographic profile of people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) attending a standalone Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at Autonomou...
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EXTRACTION AND YIELD PROFILING OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HEDYCHIUM SPICATUM, ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM AND OCIMUM SANCTUM WITH ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Essential oils are volatile, aromatic compounds derived from medicinal plants and valued in both Ayurveda and modern medicine for their diverse pharmacological activities. Hedychium spicatum (Shati), Elettaria cardamomum (Ela), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) are classical Ayurvedic herbs mentioned under the Swasahara Mahakashaya group in the Charaka Samhita, traditionally prescribed for respiratory ai...
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DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF POSACONAZOLE AND ALOIN CONTAINING NOVEL VESICLE SYSTEM FOR ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY
Background: Posaconazole is a potent triazole antifungal with poor aqueous solubility, while Aloin from Aloe vera exhibits complementary antifungal and wound-healing properties. Co-delivery in a liposomal gel may enhance solubility, stability, and skin penetration. Objective: To design and evaluate a novel liposomal vesicle system co-encapsulating Posaconazole and Aloin for topical antifungal ther...
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DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOSOMAL GEL FORMULATION CONTAINING DRIED LEAF EXTRACT OF PLANTS ACACIA LUCOPHLOLEA AND EUPHORBIA CYTHOPHORA AND ITS COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL STUDY
Background: Plant-derived bioactive offer promising alternatives for antimicrobial therapy, but their poor solubility and stability often limit topical application. Liposomal encapsulation can enhance their therapeutic potential. Objective: This study aimed to develop and characterize liposomal gel formulations containing ethanolic extracts of Acacia leucophloea and Euphorbia cyathophora leaves, a...
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COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL IN TABLETS FORMULATIONS
Several techniques have been developed and validated for analyzing paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations, including Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). This study employed a validated method for analyzing three commercially available paracetamol products. The chromatographic separation utilized a mobile phase consisting of a 70:30 v/v ratio of methanol to water. The separati...
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ENHANCING THE PROPRANOLOL HCL BIOAVAILABILITY IN RATS WITH NARINGIN: A ROLE IN PERMEABILITY GLYCOPROTEIN (P-GP) INHIBITION
Drug transporters altered functions may affect pharmacokinetics, which in turn may affect a drug in blood levels. The maintenance of an appropriate serum concentration of a drug is important to ensure therapeutic efficacy. Bio enhancers, or naturally generated drug absorption enhancers, increase the quantity of unchanged medication in the systemic blood circulation by controlling pre-systemic meta...
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IN-SILICO EVALUATION OF CHAMAZULENE AS A POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF KRÜPPEL-LIKE FACTOR 5 IN PANCREATIC CANCER: MOLECULAR DOCKING, PHARMACOKINETIC AND TOXICITY PROFILING AND MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant cancers, often driven by aberrant KRAS signalling. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a downstream transcription factor in this pathway, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Chamazulene, a bioactive sesquiterpene derived from Matricaria chamomilla, known for its anti-inflammatory and...
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