Volume 9 (2018) - Issue 5, May
Review Articles
GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY: A REVIEW
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. Tea extracts are source of polyphenols, which are antioxidant components. Green tea phenolic compounds are predominately composed of catechin derivatives, although other compounds such as flavonols and phenolic acids are also present in lower proportion. The main catechin compounds found in green tea are (-) Epigall...
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A JOURNEY OF DIETARY NITRATE AS A HEALTH PROMOTER
Dietary nitrate has been demonstrated to have a range of beneficial vascular effects, including reducing blood pressure, reduction in pulse wave velocity, regulation of cerebral blood flow, enhancing exercise performance in healthy individuals, stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis etc. Earlier studies with nitrate or nitrite also demonstrate the synergistic effects against ischaemia-reperfu...
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ANNONA SQUAMOSA LINN. (CUSTARD APPLE): AN AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANT FRUIT WITH IMMENSE NUTRACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS
Alterative medication and natural remedies have been used from ancient time for the treatment and wellbeing of human. Medicinal plants are considered to be effective and for most important for the human health. Some of the natural medicinal plants are so common that we use them in daily life without knowing their medicinal importance. Annona squamosa belonging to the family Annonaceae is the best ...
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MICROSPHERES AS CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN UPDATED REVIEW
Oral modified or controlled dosage forms have always proven to be more effective alternative to conventional or immediate release dosage forms. Controlled or modified drug delivery systems offer numerous advantages of delivering a drug to the body in a précised manner with an aim to minimize its unwanted side effects and maximize its benefits. Targeted drug delivery systems target a particular si...
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Research Articles
CHARACTERISTIC AND OPTIMIZED USE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM GLORIOSA SUPERBA AND ALBIZIA AMARA WITH APOPTOTIC EFFECT ON HEPATIC AND SQUAMOUS SKIN CARCINOMA
Background: Cancer is still a dreadful disease, the treatment ranges with difficulties like strong side effects, shortage of donor and organs. In relation, plants and its chemical properties will provide an efficient source in the innocuous treatment for cancers. Objectives: To identify and isolate bioactive compounds from Gloriosa superba tubers and Albizia amara leaves with anti-cancer property ...
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CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF RIBES UVA CRISPA LINN. AND RIBES MULTIFLORUM KIT. EX ROMER AND SCHULTES EXTRACTS
ABSTRACT: To find new antiviral agents from natural sources, methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits of Ribes uva -crispa and Ribes multiflorum naturally grown in Turkey were investigated as in vitro to reveal their antiviral activities against Herpes simplex virus type 1. All experiments were performed in 96-well plates and results were measured with XTT-based colorimet...
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SYNERGISTIC OLIGODYNAMIC EFFECT OF MYCOGENIC BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES WITH DAPTOMYCIN FOR CONTROLLING PATHOGENS
Bimetallic nanoparticles have several useful opto-electronic and catalytic properties that are different from those of monometallic nanoparticles. The development of non-toxic and eco-friendly protocols for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles is a still less explored area. In the present study, bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles were synthesized using Trichoderma reesei (NCIM 992). An effe...
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FORMULATION, DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL FILM OF NEBIVOLOL USING FACTORIAL DESIGN
The present investigation was to formulation and development of fast dissolving mucoadhesive buccal film of nebivolol by using solvent casting method. Nebivolol is a third-generation cardio selective β1-blocker undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain after its oral administration and resulting in to a poor (10-12%) bioavailability. In order to imp...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIDIABETIC PROPERTIES OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI LINN. SEED
The present study was undertaken to investigate some organic phytochemicals, fatty acids, toxic metals and evaluate lipidemic and antidiabetic activity of a herbal medicine and its one constituent Syzygium cumini seed. Antidiabetic and lipidemic activity of this medicine and seed extract was studied on streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic model rats. From chemical investigation carbohydrates and...
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CYTOTOXIC AND ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF RHODODENDRON PONTICUM L. EXTRACT ON RAT GLIOMA CELL LINE (F98)
The genus Rhododendron has been widely used in traditional medicine. Rhododendron ponticum L. (R. ponticum) contains grayanotoxins with diterpene qualities. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of R. ponticum L. extract on glioma in a rat glioma cell line (F98) and to calculate the amounts of grayanotoxins I and III. Rhododendrons were gathered ...
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ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF n-HEXANE FRACTION OF HYDRO-METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TAMARINDUS INDICA LINN. SEED IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RAT: A CORRELATIVE APPROACH WITH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES
The present study was carried out to evaluate antidiabetic as well as in-vivo and in-vitro antioxidant activities of n-hexane fraction of Tamarindus indica Linn. seed (T. indica) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat. Oral administration of n-hexane fraction at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 28 days prevented significantly the STZ-induced hyperglycemia. The plasma insulin and C-pepti...
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HYDROGEL BASED COLON TARGETED DELIVERY OF RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM
The aim of this research was to develop controlled and sustained release formulation of hydrogel beads containing rabeprazole sodium, and to study the effects of Eudragit S100 coating on the release of rabeprazole sodium. The main objective was to develop a colon targeted drug delivery system to minimize - drug release in the upper gastro intestinal (GI) tract as well as to minimize GI adverse eff...
2148
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VARIATION IN MEMBRANE ELECTROCHEMICAL POTENTIAL OF PLASMODIUM INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES
Membrane electrochemical potential or zeta potential (ZP) is a feature of the molecular profile of the cell membrane and the two-dimensional arrangement of its charge-bearing molecules. Plasmodium species, the causative agents of malaria, are intracellular parasites that remodel host erythrocytes by expressing their own proteins on erythrocyte membranes. In the present study the variation in the Z...
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STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EPALRESTAT AND PREGABALIN IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
A new simple, sensitive, precise, accurate and stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of epalrestat and pregabalin in combined tablet dosage form. The chromatogram was achieved with STD Discovery column 250 × 4.6 mm, 5m and mobile phase containing 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid buffer and acetonitrile taken in the ratio of 45: 55 was pumped t...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN OCULAR IN-SITU GEL
Conventional ophthalmic preparations exhibit poor bioavailability due to the rapid precorneal elimination of the drug, and the physiological constraints imposed by the protective mechanisms of the eye lead to the low absorption of the drugs resulting in a short duration of the therapeutic effect. In order to increase the residence time of the drug in-situ gelling systems were prepared and instille...
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STUDY OF CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN, SEVERITY, CAUSALITY AND COST ANALYSIS IN HOSPITALISED PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Objectives: To assess clinical and histopathological patterns, causative drugs, causality, severity and cost of treating cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) among patients admitted in tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: In a prospective hospital-based study over a period of one year (June 2015- June 2016), CADRs of patients admitted to the dermatology department were recorded. The data ...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF FLURBIPROFEN FOR TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
In this present research work, the aim was to develop ileo-colonic targeted mini-tablets filled capsule system of flurbiprofen for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study pH independent colon targeted system was developed and evaluated. SMEDDs of poorly water soluble drug flurbiprofen were prepared to enhance its dissolution rate and bioavailability. Mini-tablets of flurbiprofen we...
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SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM LEAF OF CENCHRUS CILIARIS L. FROM THAR REGION OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Poaceae) commonly known as “Dhaman grass”, is a common famine food used during drought and scarcity of food in Rajasthan. The present investigation was carried out to determine the phytochemical composition of leaf of C. ciliaris using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry technique. The mass spectrum of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the national in...
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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOFILM FORMING BACTERIA FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTED PATIENTS
A biofilm is a microbial determined sessile group portrayed by cells that are irreversibly appended to a substratum or interface or to each other. Biofilms are the main cause for increase in virulence and antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. Both gram positive and gram negative pathogens are known to produce biofilms. Due to the production of biofilm, the bacteria adhere to the surface strongl...
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MOLECULAR MODELLING AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF CYP450 INHIBITORS
The present study explains computational methods to design 3D structure of “Cytochrome P450 4A11” of Homo sapiens enzyme using the sequence available from Uniprot (Uniprot KB - Q02928). Homology modelling study was performed to generate a 3D model of Cytochrome P450 protein. The model was developed by using Modeler 9.17 software tool. The developed model was further docked with already existin...
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ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF LEAFLESS MISTLETOE (VISCUM ANGULATUM) FROM WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA
Phenolics have been shown to attenuate the initiation and progression of cancer. Owing to the parasitic nature, mistleoes are a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids. European mistletoe (Viscum album) formulations provide the first line of treatment for cancer by stimulating the immune system and improve the quality of life. In fact, host-associated variation has been shown to affect the therape...
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PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DELONIX REGIA RAFIN. STEM BARK
Delonix regia Rafin. belonging to family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpinioideae is flowering plant native to Madagascar and East Africa. Delonix regia reported to have anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial activity. The present study was carried out to establish the pharmacognostical studies, physico-chemical parameters along with preliminary phytoche...
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ADVERSE DRUG INTERACTIONS IN ELDERLY HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Objective: To determine the incidence, characteristics, predictors and cost associated with the management of adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in elderly population. Methods: The prospective, intensive and interventional study included all patients taking at least two medications who were elderly admitted to medicine or surgery wards of a tertiary care hospital and were followed untill discharge. ...
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3D QSAR AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF FLAVONOIDS AS SPLEEN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a member of tyrosine kinase family protein. Syk protein plays a vital role during intracellular signal transduction from high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) in allergic reaction. Flavonoids are well known compounds for their anti-allergic properties. In this present work, thirty-four structurally similar flavonoids are investigated as Syk inhibitors by using 3-dimen...
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SYNTHESIS, EVALUATION AND POLYMORPHISM STUDIES OF NEW BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENT ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
Ten, 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives were prepared and assessed against two Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli). The derivatives were obtained by the condensation of 2-((1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl) thio) acetohydrazide(4) with different substituted aromatic aldehydes and their structur...
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TWEEN 80 ALTERS THE PRODUCTION RATIO OF PHARMACEUTICALLY IMPORTANT STEROID INTERMEDIATES, 4-AD AND ADD DURING BIOTRANSFORMATION OF SOY STEROL BY MYCOBACTERIUM SP. NRRL B-3805
4-androstene-3, 17-dione (4-AD) and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) are pharmaceutically important steroid intermediates produced by steroid biotransformation. Non-pathogenic mutants of saprophytic Mycobacterium have been used for production of 4-AD and ADD. Being an intracellular process, the substrate entry is the rate limiting step for 4-AD and ADD production. This biotransformation is also...
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EVALUATION OF RENAL EFFECTS OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF PORTULACA OLERACEA (WHOLE PLANT) IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Herbal plants are effective in the treatment of various diseases. More or less they are unscientifically and improperly used. These plants deserve detailed studies in the light of modern medicine. Having detailed investigation and documentation of herbal plants used in local health traditions and after that doing pharmacological evaluation of these plants and...
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HYDROCOTYLE SIBTHORPIODES EXTRACT LOADED IN CHITOSAN NANOCAPSULE AS AN EFFECTIVE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT AGAINST FEW PREVALENT MICROBES IN WOUND
Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes is a known medicinal plant and is used for treatment against many bacterial and fungal pathogens in a conventional application form. The present study was intended to enhance the activity of H. sibthorpiodes plant extract against four bacterial species in combination with clove oil and silver nanoparticles by preparing a chitosan based nanocapsule that cause chronicity in...
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ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF EULOPHIA OCHREATA LINDL. AND ZINGIBER CASSUMUNAR ROXB. IN ANIMAL MODEL
The present study was designed to investigate Analgesic activity of Chloroform extract and isolate 1 of Eulophia ochreata Lindl. and dicholoromethanolic extract and isolate 2 of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. The analgesic activity was assessed by using acetic acid induced writhing method and hot plate method. In acetic acid induced writhing method the extracts and isolates of both plants was administe...
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ACID NEUTRALIZATION CAPACITY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTACID SUSPENSIONS SOLD ACROSS VARIOUS RETAIL PHARMACIES IN VIJAYAWADA
Antacids are the commonly prescribed drugs for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). As these are manufactured and marketed by various multinational and local companies there is a need for evaluating the cost effectiveness and efficacy of these antacids as a matter of public concern. In the present study an attempt has been made to determine and compare the acid neutralization capacity ...
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW CHALCONES
In this work, an attempt was made to synthesize new chalcones by Claisen - Schmidt condensation of substituted benzaldehydes with 4-aminoacetanilide in the presence of base catalyst. The synthesized chalcone derivatives was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and also tested for their antimicrobial activity and compared with the standard drugs....
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CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY OF EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PROTEASES FROM HALOPHILIC AND ALKALIPHILIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SALINE HABITAT OF LONAR SODA LAKE, INDIA
Culture dependent phenotypic characterization analyses were applied to study the protease producing bacteria from Indian Soda (Lonar crater). The uniqueness of the Lonar lake water is its salinity and alkalinity. A total of one hundred and fourteen bacterial cultures were isolated from the water and sediment samples collected from the hyper alkaline saline environment of Lonar lake. The thirty two...
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STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SALBUTAMOL AND BECLOMETHASONE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
A new, simple, sensitive, precise, accurate and stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of salbutamol and beclomethasone in combined tablet dosage form. The analysis was carried out at 230 nm and this chromatographic separation was achieved with Kromasil 250 C18 [250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ] column under 25 oC temperature and using mobile phase water and aceton...
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CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA (NONI) ON CULTURED LENS EPITHELIAL CELLS
Oxidative stress is one of the factor that initiating development of cataract and describes the events leading to lens opacification, generally cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that will affect the vision either partially or completely. Proteins that are present in the lens begin to break down and the lens becomes cloudy. This will be avoided by taking external food supplements that a...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND SCREENING FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TECTONA GRANDIS LINN. BARK
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial process that causes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease due to unknown mechanisms associated with release of proinflammatory mediators. Aim of the present study is to evaluate inhibitory activity by bark extract Tectona grandis Linn. (TGE) against experimental induced IBD. Two different models were used to induce IBD viz., Indomethacin-indu...
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GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF WALTHERIA INDICA LINN. AND THEIR PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Bioactive compounds are the frontline potent agents in both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, the bioactive compounds are gaining much importance for their ability in enhancing resistance to various diseases and to improve the health of people both by traditional and modern ways of administrations. Therefore, in the present investigation was undertaken to identify the compound...
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PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF LILLE SCORE IN ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Background: Alcoholic liver disease is a spectrum of alcohol induced injury that includes fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Corticosteroids are used in cases of severe alcoholic hepatitis with Maddrey’s Discriminant Function score > 32. However, many of the patients who are being managed by corticosteroids are non responders and mortality increases in such patients. Li...
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COLON SPECIFIC DRUG DELIVERY OF LIQUISOLID PLUG OF SULFASALAZINE BY SINGLE CAPSULE WITH BILAYER COATING
The purpose of this study is to achieve colonic release of anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to minimise side effects with a novel method of single capsule with bilayer coating. Sulfasalazine is an anti-inflammatory drug which acts topically on the inflamed colon to provide relief. In the present study a time and pH dependent colon targe...
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PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TABLET FOR COLONIC DELIVERY
The aim of the present work is to develop and evaluate colon targeted drug delivery of satranidazole for an effective and safe therapy of amoebiasis. Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by E. histolytica and it causes about 34 - 50 million symptomatic infections each year. The treatment of amoebiasis is effective with satranidazole. Therefore it was planned to develop a suitable dosage form, ...
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LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF GINGER AND TURMERIC ON MOSQUITO LARVAE
Dengue fever is an important public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical Continent. Recently the number of severe forms of the disease, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome are increased. Dengue virus, a arbo-virus responsible for dengue fever and spread through its vector, Aedes aegypti. Controlling the mosquito is the good strategy to prevent this disease. The traditional c...
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MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF THE COMPOUNDS FROM PERGULARIA DAEMIA AND TERMINALIA CATAPPA L. LEAF EXTRACTS WITH CYP2E1,GST,UDP-GLUCURONYL TRANSFERASE AND Nrf2 BINDING SITE IN KEAP1, IL-6
Objective: Pergularia daemia and Terminalia catappa L.. Leaf extracted with hydroethanol and the extracts were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The selected column fractions are used in GC-MS analysis, from the GC-MS results eight phytochemical compounds are selected based on their biological activities. In the present work we predict the interaction of the selected targeted protei...
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ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF EUPATORIUM BIRMANICUM DC. LEAVES ON SEIZURE INDUCED BY PTZ IN ALBINO MICE, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ETHOSUXIMIDE
Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Eupatorium birmanicum DC. leave (EB) alone and in combination with ethosuximide against seizure induced by PTZ in albino mice. Method: Aqueous extract of EB leaves was prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. The albino mice were fed with EB at 3 doses (200, 400 & 800 mg/kg). One hour after feeding, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was ...
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THE IMPACT OF FOOT REFLEXOLOGY MASSAGE ON ANXIETY CAUSED BY BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN CHILDREN WITH THALASSEMIA
Introduction: Based on the results of formerly conducted studies, the application of invasive methods, such as blood transfusion, for the treatment of children with thalassemia cause distress and anxiety symptoms in these children; therefore, it is attempted to apply non-invasive, non-pharmacological, simple, and inexpensive nursing practice to improve these deficiencies. Thus, the present study w...
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ANTIDIARRHEAL EFFECT OF STEM BARK OF CEIBA PENTANDRA GAERTN (BOMBA-CACEAE) IN RATS
This work aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of aqueous extract of steam barks of C. pentandra. Diarrhoea was induced by intragastric administration of castor oil. Intestinal transit was evaluated by using the charcoal method. The effect of the aqueous extract on muscarinics and α-adrenergic receptors was evaluated in atropine and yohimbine presence by using charcoal method. The results o...
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INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF SUGAR FREE GUM ON THE THIRST AND DRY MOUTH OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS
Introduction: Thirst and dry mouth are some of the most commonly observed symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis which can affect the quality of life of these patients. Finding uncomplicated, non-prescriptive solutions to reduce the dry mouth and irritation of these patients seems quite crucial. Since chewing sugar free gum is likely to alleviate these complications through increasing the fl...
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GAINING INSIGHT INTO PATIENTS MEDICATIONS AND THEIR SELF-REPORTED EXPERIENCE OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Aim: To gain an insight into patients medications and their experience of self-reported adverse drug reactions. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Emergency Department of a teaching hospital in the Midlands, United Kingdom from February to March, 2012.The study included patients aged 16 or over and currently on treatment with one or more medications. All patients were questioned...
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EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVITIES OF TWO POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS FOUND IN SRI LANKAN AYURVEDIC TREATMENTS
Commercially available two polyherbal formulations (Chandra Kalka and Sharkaradi Kalka) were collected from local market. The objective of this study was to determine the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) , Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of these two ‘Kalkas’ and to investigate the existence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-tyrosinase activities. Total phenolic content and t...
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SOME CONNECTIVITY INDICES AND ZAGREB INDEX OF HONEYCOMB GRAPHS
In this paper, we investigate several topological indices in honeycomb graphs: Randić connectivity index, sum-connectivity index, atom-bond connectivity index, geometric-arithmetic index, First and Second Zagreb indices and Zagreb polynomials. Formulas for computing the above topological descriptors in honeycomb graphs are given....
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PATTERN AND PREVALANCE OF MENSTRUAL DISOREDERS IN ADOLESCENTS
Background: Menstrual disorders frequently affect the quality of life of adolescents and young adult girls and can be indicators of serious underlying problems. Objectives: Study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of menstrual disorders in adolescents and their effect on everyday life. Design: A cross sectional study design was adapted. Settings: Government and private schools of Arifwal...
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EFFECT OF HUMIC AND SALICYLIC ACIDS ON OIL YIELD AND FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDE OF SAFFLOWERS (CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L.) AS MEDICINAL PLANTS GROWN IN IRAQ
This study was conducted to investigation the effect of humic acid and salicylic on oil yield and flavonoids glycoside of safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius L.) grown in Iraq. After soil preparation the plant seeds were cultivated during winter growing seeds at 2015-2017 at Karbala region, South Baghdad in Iraq. The humic acid was applied at 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/lit conception as organic flow...
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TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT OF DISPENSING PHARMACISTS IN MAHARASHTRA
Background: A crucial part of Continuing Education is Training needs assessment (TNA). TNA assists in design and development of relevant educational courses and training modules, which are valuable for health care professionals to improve their knowledge and skills in accordance to latest developments in the field of clinical practices. Methods: A qualitative study was designed constituting Focuse...
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PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA ETHANOLIC EXTRACT TABLET
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees, commonly known as the “king of bitters,” is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Acanthaceae and is found throughout tropical and subtropical Asia, Southeast Asia, and India. Andrographolide, a bitter diterpenoid, is the major active principle present in the plant. Authors have already worked on the phytochemical investigation, analgesic and antipyretic ...
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ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC FRACTION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CROCUS SATIVUS STIGMAS IN MICE AND RATS
Background: Extensive use of analgesics like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioid is associated with undesirable side effects often limiting their use. Hence the search for indigenous safer analgesic agent is ongoing. It was considered worthwhile to evaluate analgesic activity of methanolic fraction of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus (CSEEMF) stigmas. Objective: This study was conduct...
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PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GYMNEMIC ACID IN CURBING HIGH FAT DIET AND HIGH FRUCTOSE INDUCED PANCREATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATED TYPE-2 DIABETES IN WISTAR RATS
High fat diet and High fructose intake is the predominant lifestyle change that increased the epidemic of type-2 diabetes. HFD+HF feeding leads to oxidative stress mediated T2D through production of free radicals and decrement of antioxidant enzymes. Our present study focussed on the curbing effect of gymnemic acid on high fat diet and high fructose feeding induced oxidative stress mediated Type 2...
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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING ANTIBIOTICS USE AMONG PARENTS FOR THEIR CHILDREN
Introduction: Antibiotics are used to perish the growth of bacteria. Undesirable use of antibiotics is presently common all over the world. Parent’s knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics play a vital role in the success of treatment process. Due to lack of knowledge, sometimes antibiotics are badly used for the treatment of infection. Study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and prac...
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