Volume 9 (2018) - Issue 4, April
Review Articles
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF BILE ACIDS AND THEIR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The main roles of bile acids as amphiphilic molecules are the micellar solubilization of the lipids, in the course of the welding process and the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, which is essential as a precursor for the synthesis of bile acids. From the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of bile acids directly depends the level of their attachment to the receptors, ion channels and their ...
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A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF BIOMOLECULAR SYSTEM: PROCEDURE, ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation provides the details explanation of the atomic and molecular interactions that directed by macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of the various systems. This review provides a brief do-how about the theory, procedure, algorithm, and uses of molecular dynamic simulations in different bimolecular systems. An in-depth analysis of different prospects of MD simulation...
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PROBIOTIC GENOMES: SEQUENCING AND ANNOTATION IN THE PAST DECADE
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer many health benefits to the host when administered in adequate quantities. These health benefits have garnered much attention towards probiotics and have given an impetus to their use as dietary supplements for the improvement of general health and as adjuvant therapies for certain diseases. The increased demand for probiotic products in the recent ti...
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CARDIAC ARRYTHMIASIS AND ITS DETAILED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – A REVIEW
Amid the previous couple of years, the improvement of powerful, experimental innovations for treatment of cardiovascular arrhythmias has surpassed the pace at which itemized information of the basic science has aggregated. Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, either too fast, or too slow and is characterized by abnormal electrical conduction in the heart...
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A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS SCHUM. AND THONN.
Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn herb is in traditional medicine for more than 3000 years. It belongs to a family of Euphorbiaceae and commonly known by the name of carry me seed, stone breaker, gala of wind, etc. It is a branching annual herb of 30 - 60 cm height widely spread throughout tropics and sub-tropics as a weed. Phyllanthus amarus is gaining momentum for its hepatoprotective, anti-car...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF GENUS URTICA – A REVIEW
Genus Urtica belongs to family Urticaceae and commonly known by name of nettles. The plant Urtica has been used as a folk medicine and as a food source from a long time. It has been used frequently for its medicinal properties since the Bronze age (3000 - 2000 B.C.) as a traditional herbal remedy in treatment of variety of diseases as rheumatism gouts, nephritis, haematuria, jaundice, menorrhagia,...
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A REVIEW ON IMPACT OF NANOMICELLE FOR OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
In this article, we have reviewed several features of nanomicelles relating to their general properties, preparation and characterization techniques, and their applications in the areas of ocular drug delivery system. Nanomicelles can be rummage-sale as 'smart drug carriers' for targeting certain areas of the eye by making them stimuli-sensitive or by attachment of a specific ligand molecule onto ...
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ROLE OF COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DESIGN IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND DRUG DISCOVERY
The process of drug development and drug discovery is very challenging, expensive and time consuming. It has been accelerated due to development of computational tools and methods. Over the last few years, computer aided drug design (CADD) also known as in silico screening has become a powerful technique because of its utility in various phases of drug discovery and development through various adv...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ALOE VERA AND THEIR MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Aloe vera belongs to the family Liliaceae commonly known as Ghrit Kumari, is the ever known oldest and the most applied medicinal plant worldwide. Aloe Vera is used for vigor, wellness and medicinal purposes since rigvedic times. Health benefits of Aloe vera include its application in wound healing, treating burns, minimizing frost bite damage, protection against skin damage from x-rays, lung can...
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VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
Cancer is a major public health burden in both developed and developing countries. It is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells. It is one of the major causes of death worldwide where the number of cancer patients is in continuous rise. It is a major public problem whose estimated worldwide new incidence is about 6 million cases per year. It is the second major ca...
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Research Articles
PREPARATION AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF OXYTOCIN
This study aimed to characterize and evaluate chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a carrier system for the hormone, oxytocin. Ionotropic gelation was the technique used to synthesize the CSNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed narrow particle size distribution of 30-50 nm and spherical particle shape. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray ...
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MOLECULAR EVENTS IN PROSTATE CANCER: LENTIVIRUS INDUCED KNOCKDOWN OF HUMAN MKP-2 ENHANCES ERK SIGNALLING IN LNCaP (AI) CELLS
The MAP kinase phosphatases regulate the magnitude and kinetics of MAP kinase signalling within the cell and as a consequence cell cycle progression and division. Therefore, these enzymes have been implicated in the regulation of number of disease conditions. One member of this family, MKP-2, has been linked to cancers of the breast and prostate. However, in human cells correlating changes in MKP-...
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COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF TWO GHANAIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: SABA SENEGALENSIS AND SABA THOMPSONII
The study sought to describe the pharmacognostic features for identification and quality control of closely related species Saba senegalensis (A. DC.) Pichon and Saba thompsonii (A. Chev.) Pichon (Apocynaceae), useful medicinal plants against inflammation and its related diseases in Ghana and West Africa. Macro-morphological, qualitative and quantitative microscopic features as well as physicochem...
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DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CHRONOMODULATED PULSINCAP DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF KETOPROFEN
Chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems have been recognized as potentially beneficial to the chrono-therapy (time optimized) of chronic diseases that display time-dependent symptoms. In pulsincap system, therapy can be optimized by tailoring the dosing schedule based on chrono-biological pattern. The safety and efficacy of the drug is achieved by coordinating the peak plasma concentration with ci...
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DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF AMOXICILIN TRIHYDRATE FLOATING GRANULES PREPARED BY MELT GRANULATION TECHNIQUE
The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate Amoxicillin trihydrate floating granules by melt granulation technique using Gelucire 43/01 and Campritol 888 ATO as lipid carriers. Polymers HPMC K4M and Ethyl Cellulose as release rate modifiers. The granules were evaluated by FTIR studies, differential scanning calorimetry, Scanning Electron microscopy, drug content, in vitro floating ability...
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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF APONOGETON NATANS (LINN.) ENGL. AND KRAUSE – AN IMPORTANT FOLKLORE MEDICINE
The liver plays a significant role in metabolism and detoxification. Aponogeton natans(Linn.) Engl. and Krause is a important ingredient in preparation of an important Ayurvedic preparation Useerasava. The screening for hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity was followed as per standard procedure. Animals received CCl4 (2 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil, i.p.) to ind...
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STABILITY INDICATING UPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CRIZOTINIB IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
A stability indicating method was developed for the estimation of Crizotinib in pharmaceutical dosage form by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The separation was done on isocratic mode with Hibra C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2 µ) column and 0.1% Ortho-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (45:55% v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and at room temperature. The detection wa...
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FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS FOR VALIDATION AND SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF QUERCETIN AND KAEMPFEROL IN MORINGA OLEIFERA BY RP-HPLC AND HPTLC
To establish authenticity and integrity for usage of herbal drugs quantitative analysis by sensitive analytical instrument is highly desirable. Quercetin and Kaempferol from whole plant of Moringa oleifera was chosen for simultaneous quantification by RP-HPLC and HPTLC method due to their pharmacological activities. HPTLC method of quercetin and kaempferol was developed on HPTLC plates using Tolue...
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PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL THIENO 1, 2, 3-TRIAZINES-4-ONES FOR ITS ANALGESIC ACTIVITY
The analgesic activity was assessed using hot plate method, formalin induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test. Preliminary investigations were carried out with water, DMSO and chloroform for solubility. For analgesic activity 1, 2, 3- triazine-4-ones series of compounds CP1, CP2, CP3 showed significant increase in jumping time of mice in hot plate method at only higher dose leve...
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PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF OKRA, ABELMOSCHUS MOSCHATUS SEED EXTRACT ON DEVELOPING BRAIN OF RATS DURING PRE- AND POST-NATAL FLUORIDE EXPOSURE
This study reports protective effect of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced alterations in behavior correlated with neurochemical changes in developing brain of rats. Excessive intake of fluoride during pregnancy cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and cause adverse effects on neonatal development. As the BBB in fetuses, neonates and infants is immature, it can...
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EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC AND ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF ORIGANUM MAJORANA IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Diabetes mellitus or sugar diabetes is a condition that occurs when the body can't use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. It is a chronic disease associated with abnormally high levels of the glucose in the blood because of disturbances in carbohydrates, fat and proteins metabolism and it is due to one of two mechanisms that inadequate production of insulin (which is made by the pancreas and lowe...
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IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF RUMEX VESICARIUS LINN. AND SYMPLOCOS RACEMOSA ROXB.
Objective: To determine the immunomodulatory activity of leaves of Rumex vesicarius Linn. and Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Methods: The ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of Rumex Vesicarius Linn. and ethanolic and N-hexane extract of Symplocos racemosa Roxb. were administered orally at the dosage level of 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day each according to the body weight of Rat. The assessments of im...
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TYPICAL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE DRIED BY SPRAY, SPIN FLASH AND BULK DRIER AND THEIR RESULTANT EFFECTS ON TABLET PROPERTIES
The solid dosage form is the easiest method of administering drugs for systemic effect. All dosages forms are made by two main components one is API and second is excipient. Excipient is present in bulk quantity and is required for binding the API. There are mainly two techniques uses for manufacturing the tablets (i) wet granulation (ii) direct compression. Wet granulation is a time consuming pro...
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ANTI-MICROBIAL, OVICIDAL, LARVICIDAL, ANTI-DIABETIC AND CYTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM BROWN SEAWEED (STOECHOSPERMUM MARGINATUM)
The present study aimed to green synthesis the nanoparticles using bioactive compounds from unique seaweeds and testing its application for anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, ovicidal, larvicidal and cytotoxic activity. Seaweeds are marine non- flowering plants have much of the secondary metabolites and had not been explored widely. There are very limited amount of literature are there for seaweeds. S...
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LAYER BY LAYER ASSEMBLY ON THE SURFACE OF NANOPARTICLE FOR CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG LOADING
In the present investigation, fluorescently labelled sulfated polystyrene beads were coated with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes {i.e. Poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, Poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate)} through an electrostatic interaction by using layer by layer assembly method. Doxorubicin is a model anticancer drug with protonatable amine group that acquires net positive charge in a...
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SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MAGNESIUM OXIDE BY SOL GEL METHOD AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Metals are able to form a large number of oxides. These metal oxides play an important role in many areas of chemistry, physics and material science. An important metal oxide known as magnesium oxide (MgO) having good reactivity is widely used in producing electronics, catalyst, ceramics, oil, paint etc. Magnesium oxide nanoparticle is non-toxic and need a small amount, so it is suitable for the d...
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF CHALCONE BASED COPOLYESTERS AND THEIR ANTICANCER ACTIVITY
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women. Chalcone exhibit chemopreventive and antitumor effects. As a part of proactive approach in the fight against breast cancer, two copolyesters using varying chalcone diols as monomer and varying aliphatic and aromatic acid chlorides were synthesised by solution polycondensation method. The two copolyest...
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GRANULES OF UNISTRAIN LACTOBACILLUS AS NUTRACEUTICAL ANTIOXIDANT AGENT
The present study was conducted with the aim to prepare probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) granules which are stable at room temperature. Lactobacillus acidophilus 2285 probiotics was obtained from the N.C.I.M (National Collection of Industrial Microorganism), Pune. The formation of the semi-solid mass occurred after the further incubation at 34 °C from range (33 °C to 37 °C)...
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GC-MS ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTILEISHMANIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHYLACETATE FRACTION OF ALLIUM CEPA (EAFAC)
In this study, GC-MS analysis shown that ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa (EAFAC) (band one) consists of 55 compounds which shown antileishmanial activity. (IC50 73.1 ± 2.1 ug/ml) is the inhibitory concentration which is observed for ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa (EAFAC) (band one). Leishmania major is the specie used for this leishmanicidal assay. In this bioassay, Amphotericin B (I...
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PREFERRED SAMPLE FOR THYROID PROFILE IN DIABETIC PATIENTS
Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism are the two primary pathological conditions that involve the thyroid gland. Diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders compared with the normal population. Accurate measurement of thyroid hormone concentrations is the key for proper diagnosis of thyroid gland dysfunction. This article is mainly focused on the effect of food on serum levels of...
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KINETIC AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES ON OXIDATION OF DONEPEZIL HYDRO CHLORIDE BY CHLORAMINE – T IN BASIC MEDIUM
Donepezil hydrochloride is United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approved drug marketed under the trade name “Aricept” used for the treatment of mild to moderate alzheimer disease. The aim of the current investigation was Kinetic and mechanistic study of donepezil hydrochloride by sodium-N-chloro-p-tolunesulfonamide or chloramine-T (CAT) in NaOH medium was studied at 308 K. the re...
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IN-VITRO ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE ASSAY AND CELL VIABILITY ACTIVITY OF BAICALEIN USING BREAST CANCER CELL LINE
Objective: The flavonoid baicalein, is historically used as an herbal medicine by the Chinese, which produces a wide range of pharmaceutical effects, among which is the potent anticancer activity which has raised a great conflict of interest in the recent years. This study aims to verify the anti-proliferative and the cell viability effects of baicalein on metastasis of MCF-7 human breast cancer c...
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EVALUATION OF HYDROXYL RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THYMUS SERPYLLUM
Ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum was evaluated for antioxidant activity. As many diseases in today’s world are due to free radicals, finding antioxidants of herbal origin can lead to development of safe herbal medicines for these diseases. Hydroxyl radical scavenging method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Thymus serpyllum in the present study. The result...
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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF COCONUT SHELL OIL
Coconut shell oil was extracted from raw coconut shells, collected from Thiruvallur District. These were extracted using various solvents based on the polarity which includes ethanol, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether and aqueous. The antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salm...
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STUDY OF BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM) SEED POWDER AS A TABLET BINDER
Buckwheat has been a major food source in Asian countries such as China, Japan, and Bhutan etc. for its nutritional values. It has been a major functional food supplement for nutraceutical industry. It is the first time exploration of buckwheat seed powder as tablet binder. The aim the study was to expand the area off tablet binders from gums and extracted polysaccharides to whole seed powders so ...
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ASSESSMENT OF DRUG USE PATTERN, THEIR COST AND SAFETY IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL, RAJKOT
Introduction: The practice of emergency medicine has the primary mission of evaluating, managing and providing treatment to patients with unexpected injury or illness. The emergency department of a tertiary care unit of a developing country is faced with the problem of heavy patient load and a paucity of human and economic resources. So, this study was conducted with the objective of Studying patt...
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EFFICACY AND COST OF GRANISETRON VERSUS ONDANSETRON IN THE PREVENTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING AMONG CANCER PATIENTS AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Differences in cost and similarities in the efficacy between ondansetron and granisetron have been reported in many clinical studies and prompted this study to determine whether such differences are important as Kenyatta National Hospital. Thirty-four adult cancer patients scheduled to start their consecutive three weekly cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens, were recruited into a doubl...
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HEXANIC EXTRACT OF RUTA GRAVEOLENS ON KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE- A COMMON POST- ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY INFECTION
Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most frequent infection organism following orthopedic surgeries and specifically total hip arthroplasty. Recently, attitude toward herbal medicine is being popular both in people and health care systems. Ruta graveolens is a traditional herbal remedy Iranian medicine and some other countries with a wide spectrum of therapeutic utilities. Our purpos...
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THE EFFECT OF QUINCE PASTE ON MENORRHAGIA: A CLINICAL STUDY
Introduction: Menorrhagia that means excessive uterine bleeding is one the most common reasons that women refer to gynecological centers. Despite the use of "Quince paste" in Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) clinics, no studies have been done in this regard. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of "Quince paste" on uterine bleeding in patients with menorrhagia. Materi...
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CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
Ethylhexylglycerin is an alkyl glyceryl ether. This means that the ethyl hexyl group is bound to glycerin at one end by an ether linkage. it has been used as a common ingredient in bath products, body and hand products, cleansing products, deodorants, eye makeup, foundations, hair care products and suntan products. The compound is synthesized by esterfication of 2-Ethylhexanol and epichlorohydrin,...
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METAL COMPLEXES OF RIBAVIRIN; SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN-VITRO BIOLOGICAL SCREENING
Medicinal applications of metals and its compound were reported centuries ago but it gained huge appreciation after the discovery of anticancer activity of metal based drug cisplatin. After cisplatin discovery many medicinal synthetic chemist moved into the field of organometallics for combating diseases and investigating the excellent pharmaceutical potential of metal complexes, giving birth to m...
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ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA LEAF IN ALLOXAN INDUCED TYPE-I DIABETES MELLITUS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC SWISS ALBINO MICE: A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
Objective: To attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress and protects liver marker enzymes in Swiss albino mice. Material and methods: Hyperglycemia was induced in mice by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight). Three days after alloxan induction, the hyperglycemic mice were treated with Azadirachta indica orally at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight dai...
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SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN, HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE AND AMLODIPINE IN BULK AND SOLID DOSAGE FORM BY CHEMOMETRIC ASSISTED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS
Chemometric designs were applied to develop a simple UV-visible spectroscopic method for the simultaneous estimation of Hydrochlorthiazide (HCT), Amlodipine (AMLO) and Telmisartan (TEL) in bulk and solid dosage form. The simultaneous spectroscopic method was developed for the three drugs and the data generated from the spectra were determined by using Chemometric methods such as trilinear regressi...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TRAMADOL HYDROCHLORIDE ORAL THIN FILMS
Oral films are a novel approach for the development of orally disintegrating dosage forms. They are thin, elegant in appearance and can be made into various sizes and shapes like rectangular or circular. The strips may be flexible or brittle, opaque or transparent. Oral films are made up of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers to provide rapid disintegration on the tongue without the need ...
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PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT LEPIDIUM SATIVUM LINN. SEEDS ON THYROID HORMONES IN MALE RATS
Pharmacological activities have been reported for the seed extracts of Lepidium sativum L.; however, the plant has not been widely studied for its effects on the thyroid gland. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate to possible potential pharmacological activity of ethanolic extract of Lepidium sativum L. seeds on regulation of thyroid hormone concentrations in male rats. Methodo...
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A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING RP – HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METFORMIN AND TENELIGLIPTIN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
This is a simple, economic, sensitive stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of metformin and teneligliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method was carried out on octa-decyl C18 column (5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6 mm, i.d) using methanol: water in the ratio of 70:30 and pH of the mobile phase up to 3 was adjusted with OPA at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The wavele...
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TWENTY EIGHT DAYS ORAL ADMINISTRATION ASSESSMENT OF HYDNORA AFRICANA THUNB. AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT ON KEY METABOLIC MARKERS OF WISTAR RATS
Hydnora africana Thumb (Hydronaceae) is a parasitic flowering plant with significant global ethnomedicinal value. This study evaluated the toxicological effects of the acute and sub-acute dosing treatments of the aqueous root extract of Ha in male and female wistar rats using OECD guidelines 423 and 407. For the acute study, the extract was administered to the animals at single oral graded doses o...
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