Volume 2 (2011) - Issue 6, June
Review Articles
AN OVERVIEW ON BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Buccal drug delivery has gained significant attention and momentum since it offers remarkable advantages. Over past few decades, buccal route for systemic drug delivery using mucoadhesive polymers to significantly improve the performance of many drugs has been of profound interest. This review article is an overview of buccal drug delivery systems encompassing a review of oral mucosa, formulation ...
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ADVANTAGEOUS NASAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
The convenience of administration and improved patient compliance are important in the design of nasal drug delivery system which remains the preferred route of drug delivery in spite of various disadvantages. Therapy through intranasal administration has been an accepted form of treatment in the Ayurvedic system of Indian Medicine. Advances in biotechnology have made available a large number of p...
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PELLETIZATION TECHNOLOGY: A QUICK REVIEW
Pelletization process first came into existence way back during the 1950s, when the first product was introduced to the market. These pelletized dosage forms have gained popularity considerably from then because of their distinct advantages, such as ease of capsule filling because of better flow properties of the perfectly spherical pellets; enhancement of drug dissolution; ease of coating; sustai...
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COMMON METHODS TO SYNTHESIZE BENZOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR MEDICINAL SIGNIFICANCE: A REVIEW
Recently, heterocyclic compounds analogues and their derivatives have attracted strong interest in medicinal chemistry due to their biological and pharmacological properties. The small and simple benzothiazole nucleus possesses numerous biological properties like - antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidiabetic activities. These activities are also possessed by its s...
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TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (TDDS): AN OVERVIEW
The transdermal route of drug delivery has attracted researchers due to many biomedical advantages associated with it. However, excellent impervious nature of skin is the greatest challenge that has to be overcome for successfully delivering drug molecules to the systemic circulation by this route. This review describes enhancement techniques based on drug/vehicle optimization such as physical and...
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NANOMEDICINE: AS A NOVEL APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Current modalities of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially cancer have major limitations such as poor sensitivity or specificity and drug toxicities respectively. Newer and improved methods of cancer detection based on nanoparticles are being developed. They are used as contrast agents, fluorescent materials, molecular research tools and drugs with targeting antibodies. Paramagn...
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THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN HUMAN HEALTH MAINTENANCE: SMALL MOLECULES WITH INFINITE FUNCTIONS
Oxygen is a necessary element that controls many metabolic reactions in human body. Increased amount of oxygen in the body leads to continuous chain of events resulting in the formation of deleterious toxic free radicals which are capable of quenching the macromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. To counteract the toxicity of the free radicals, human body synthesizes both enzymatic and ...
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PATENTING OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ISSUES PERSPECTIVE TO US, EUROPE AND INDIA
This paper focuses on a favor in order to examine the implications of patents on innovation in the view of biotechnological developments and the utilization and associated efficacy of present patent system in promoting biotechnological innovations and the related issues and challenges therein. This article deals with patent related area in field of biotechnology. It discusses the various issues in...
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HERBAL PLANTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF UROLITHIASIS: A REVIEW
Kidney stone formation is a complex that results from a succession of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. Urinary stones affect 10-12 % of the population in industrialized countries. There are only a few geographical areas in which stone disease is rare e.g. Germany and in the coastal areas of Japan. So in the ...
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ASAVARISHTAS THROUGH IMPROVED FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
Asavarishta is a very popular dosage form in ayurvedic medicines. It is a unique liquid dosage form that contains self generated alcohol, often referred as medicated wine. This self generated alcohol is produced by method of fermentation. Asavarishtas are manufactured by industries in batch size of thousand liters. Larger batch sizes of process specific products for high technology are the need of...
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NANOCAPSULES: A NEW APPROACH IN DRUG DELIVERY
Nanocapsule consists of a thin membrane surrounding a core (Liquid, solid) with their size ranging from 10nm to 1000 nm. Nanocapsules are submicroscopic colloidal drug carrier systems composed of an oily or an aqueous core surrounded by a thin polymer membrane. The membrane may be composed of natural or synthetic polymers. Two technologies can be used to obtain such Nanocapsules: the interfacial p...
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Research Articles
ASSESSMENT OF ANALGESIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PREMNA INTEGRIFOLIA LINN. (FAMILY: VERBENACEAE) LEAVES
Premna integrifolia Linn. (Family: Verbenaceae) is a medicinal plant which is traditionally used against a number of diseases including inflammatory condition. On the scientific basis of traditional uses, the ethanolic extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia Linn. was assessed for its possible analgesic and antimicrobial activity. The analgesic activity of the sample was studied using acetic acid...
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ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND GLYCOGENESIS EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF BRASSICA OLERACEA IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
The present work carried out the study to investigate the antihyperglycemic, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycogenesis effects of the different fractions (Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea. The different fractions of the extract were administered intraperitoneally as a single dose of 150 mg/kg body weight to alloxan induced as well a...
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ANTIOXIDANT, ORGAN PROTECTIVE AND AMELIORATIVE PROPERTIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF ANOGEISSUS LEIOCARPUS STEM BARK AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE- INDUCED LIVER INJURY
The methanol extract of the stem bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus was evaluated in vivo at 2.5mg/kg for antioxidant, hepatoprotective and ameliorative effect on hepatocellular injury following pre-treatment or post-treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Levels of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) or thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were taken as a measure of oxidati...
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ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM THE LEAVES OF MALLOTUS TETRACOCCUS (ROXB.) KURZ, BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY – MASS SPECTROMETRY
Mallotus tetracoccus (Roxb.) Kurz. is found in Western Ghats of India. Mallotus tetracoccus is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, commonly known as “vatta kanni” in Tamil. In the present study the ethanolic extract of Mallotus tetracoccus has been subjected to GC-MS analysis. The major chemical constituents are Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (46.78%),...
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NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TOLTERODINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Simple, fast and economic spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Tolterodine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using water as the solvent. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the zero order derivative measured at 281.5 nm, first order derivative measured at 274 nm and area under curve was measured in wavelength range of 276-286 nm. Calibra...
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HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ENDOSPERM-RICH FRACTION OF FLAXSEED IN CHICKS
Flaxseed is being consumed as an ingredient in various food formulations as it plays a major role in the field of diet and disease research due to its potential health benefits associated with a- linolenic acid (57%) and its rich phytoestrogens or lignans. Hence, presently, it is in great demand by food industries and in nutraceutical applications. The present study was carried out using 80, 3...
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ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF THE STEM AND LEAVES OF HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS LINN.
The ethanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus Linn roots inhibited the formation of oxygen derived free radicals were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity. Stems leaves and root of selected plants were dried at 45°C and powdered for extraction. Extraction was performed with methanol. By employing DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl radical) scavenging assays, it was shown that all the et...
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ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII SP.
The present investigation was undertaken to study the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC 124). The extractions of metabolites were done by two methods (glass bead and steel ball) using methanol: chloroform: water (5:2:2) as solvents. The presences of metabolites were identified by thin layer chromatography and structural analysis was done by Gas Chrom...
3910
1986
EVALUATION OF ANTI-TUSSIVE ACTIVITY OF ROSA CENTIFOLIA
Aim of study is to evaluate the potential anti-tussive activity in a mouse model induced by sulphur dioxide gas of ethanolic extract of “Rosa centifolia”. The ethanol extract of Rosa centifolia (250mg/kg 500 mg/g p.o) showed significant anti-tussive activity, the cough inhibition (35% and 57% respectively) and being comparable to that of 10-20mg/kg of codeine phosphate (41 and 64% respectively...
2705
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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATIONS OF SOME NOVEL 1, 3, 4-THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
A series of 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized. The structures of these compounds were established by means of IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectrum analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the compounds have shown significant antibacterial and antifungal activity when compared with the standard drugs...
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NATURAL HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS- A STUDY ON THEIR NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Nutritional deficiency is almost impossible to avoid in these modern times, thus natural supplements help us to overcome the nutritional deficiencies. It also helps us to boost our immune system. Nutritional supplements are also useful in getting rid of the toxins that are accumulated in our body. Thus, the five natural supplements that are mentioned below are tested for the various parameters th...
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SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF N-{4-[(6-CHLORO-4-OXO-4H-CHROMEN-3-YLMETHYLENE) IMINO] PHENYL}-2-(SUBSTITUTED PHENOXY ACETAMIDE) DERIVATIVES
Some N-{4-[(6-chloro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-ylmethylene) imino] phenyl}-2-(substituted phenoxy) acetamide derivatives (3) were synthesized by reacting N-{4-[(6-chloro-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-ylmethylene) imino] phenyl}-2-chloroacetamide (2) with some substituted phenol in dry acetone in the presence of K2CO3 and catalytic amount of KI. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR ...
2208
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IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS
The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A.sessilis plant extracts in different solvents. The antioxidant activity was studied by phosphomolybdate method and DPPH method. In phosphomolybdate method the highest activity was shown by methanolic extract (12.044 mM of ascorbic acid eqvt/gm of sample). The highest radical scavenging activity by DPPH method was found in methan...
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EVALUATION OF ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA AERIAL PARTS
Lagenaria siceraria is traditionally being used in many countries in the treatment of various diseases including diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety of the methanol extract of L. siceraria aerial parts (MELS) through acute and subchronic toxicity study in mice. For acute toxicity study 500-2000 mg/kg MELS were administered orally and obvious toxic symptoms and mortali...
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INVITRO EVALUATION STUDIES OF CROSSLINKED CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES CONTAINING RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM
For many decades treatment of an acute disease or a chronic illness has been mostly accomplished by delivery of drugs to patients using various pharmaceutical dosage forms including tablets, capsules, pills, suppositories, creams, ointment, liquids, aerosols and injectables as drug delivery systems are the primary pharmaceutical products commonly seen in the market. In the past two and a half de...
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ISOLATION CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF ALANGIUM SALVIIFOLIUM WANG BARK IN ALLOXAN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIC RATS
Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize the biochemical principle and investigate the hypoglycemic activity of bark of Alangium salviifolium Wang in Alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. The bark of Alangium salviifolium barks were collected and dried in shade and subjected to extraction with petroleum ether, Chloroform and methanol. Each extracts were subjected to preliminary phyto...
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EVALUTION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF DIGERA MURICATA (L) MART IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Digera muricata (L.) Mart (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Cancali soppu widely used in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus In the present study, Methanol extract of Digera muricata(MEDM) leaves were subjected to phytochemical investigation and evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats. MEDM (100, 200 mg/kg) and Glibenclamide (3mg/k...
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ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TRAGIA INVOLUCRATA LINN ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS
In Traditional Ayurvedic system of treatment Tragia involucrata Linn. is intended to use for diabetic patients has been screened for antioxidant activity. For antioxidant studies, aqueous ethanolic extract of Tragia involucrata (AEETI) was administered orally for 28 days at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight to Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide induced Wistar rats. All the animals were sacrificed ...
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1125
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 3, 6- DISUBSTITUTED IMIDAZO [2, 1-B] [1, 3] THIAZOLES
Cyclocondensation of α-bromo ketones with thiourea afforded 4-substituted 1, 3-thiazole-2-amines. These compounds on further treatment with α-bromo ketones afforded 3, 6-disubstituted imidazo[2, 1-b][1, 3]thiazole (1a-1j). All the synthesized compounds were confirmed for their structure by FTIR, 1H NMR and GSMS spectra and tested in vitro for their anti-microbial activity by cup plate method aga...
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EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM ON ALLOXAN AND GLUCOSE INDUCED DIABETIC MICE
The present study was designed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the methanol: ethyl acetate (1:9) extract of flower buds of Peltophorum pterocarpum on alloxen and glucose indueced diabetic mouse model. The extract was given intraperitonially at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and the hypoglycemic effects compared with metformin, a standard drug. The extract reduced blood glucose level in ...
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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF NERIUM INDICUM
The Methanolic extract of leaves (LE) and Methanolic extract of flowers (FE) of Nerium indicum (Arali) was analysed for Antioxidant activity (AOA) in terms of DPPH free radicals, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was measured in terms of Gallic acid equivalent and Flavonoid content was analysed in terms of Quercetin equivalent. The antioxidant activities of (LE & FE) were found to be 72.8% and 67 %...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICHELIA CHAMPACA LINN. FLOWER AND LEAVES FOR ANTI – ULCER ACTIVITY
An Ulcer is a sore which means an open painful wound in mucous membranes or mucosal linings of the body. Gastro intestinal ulcers frequently occur in the stomach and duodenum where acid and pepsin activity is greatest. Peptic ulcer disease can be prevented by strengthening the cytoprotection, the defensive mechanism of gastric mucosa, rather than attenuating factor of aggression causing ulceration...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF GLICLAZIDE AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION METHOD
A simple, rapid, accurate, precise, specific and economical spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Gliclazide (GLC) and Metformin hydrochloride (MET) in combined tablet dosage form has been developed. It employs formation and solving of simultaneous equation using two wavelengths 227.0 nm and 237.5 nm. This method obeys Beer’s law in the employed concentration ranges of 5-25 μ...
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SYNTHESIS & ANTI- MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF N-(2-(4-SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)-4-OXOTHIAZOLIDIN-3-YL) ISONICOTINAMIDE DERIVATIVES
A new series N-(2-(4-substituted Phenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)isonicotin- amide of derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base (isoniazid and substituted benzaldehyde) with mercaptoacetic acid. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of IR, 1H-NMR. The synthesized compounds showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Es...
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PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF ROOT OF HELIOTROPIUM INDICUM LINN.
The root of Heliotropium indicum is reported to have good medicinal values in traditional system of medicines. Commonly called as Indian Turnsole, is a herb with slightly woody at base. It is distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the world and found throughout India The present study deals with phytochemical investigations of Heliotropium indicum root including determination of loss...
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EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM (LINN.) NUT EXTRACT
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the locomotor effect of chloroform extract of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) (CHSA) by using photoactometer. Its anticonvulsant property was tested against maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsion (MESIC), pentalenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsion (PTZIC), strychnine-induced convulsion (SIC), picrotoxin-induced convulsion (PIC), isoniazid (INH)-ind...
2847
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPTLC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF FLUOXETINE IN ITS CAPSULE FORMULATION
An HPTLC method for estimation of Fluoxetine in its capsule formulation has been developed. It employs aluminium backed silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates, (20 cm × 10 cm, layer thickness 0.2 mm) prewashed with methanol and mobile phase comprising of toluene: 2-propanol: ammonia 2:2:0.4 (v/v/v). The developing solvent was run upto 80 mm in Camag chamber previously saturated with 10.0 mL of solvent mix...
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ANTIOXIDANT, ANALGESIC AND TOXIC POTENTIALITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF STEPHANIA JAPONICA (THUNB.) MIERS. LEAF
In the present study crude methanolic extract of Stephania japonica leaf was investigated for possible antioxidant, analgesic and cytotoxic activity. The extract showed antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assays. In both DPPH radical and NO scavenging assay, the extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and the IC50 va...
4200
1038
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF OLANZAPINE USING VACUUM DRYING TECHNIQUE BY 22 FACTORIAL DESIGN
The purpose of this research was to develop fast dissolving tablets of olanzapine and to optimize the processing variables. Tablets containing olanzapine, camphor, crosscarmellose, and directly compressible lactose were prepared by direct compression technique. The tablets were compressed and later exposed to vacuum. Sublimation of camphor from tablets resulted in superior fast dissolving tablets....
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AN APPROACH FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE WATER SOLUBILITY OF GLICLAZIDE IN SOLID DISPERSION WITH PEG 4000
Gliclazide is a second-generation hypoglycaemic sulfonylurea that is useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It shows low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate and often shows low and irregular bioavailability after oral administration. This paper describes an approach to improve the Solubility of gliclazide by using solid dispersions (SDs) in polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000). So...
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