Volume 2 (2011) - Issue 5, May
Review Articles
RESINS FROM HERBAL ORIGIN AND A FOCUS ON THEIR APPLICATIONS
The present article reveals an important role and wide applications played by the resins. Herbal system is considered as a complimentary and alternative system of medicines plays a significant role in India. Resins being the natural products are the secondary metabolites which have therapeutic actions in humans and which can be refined to produce the drugs. Humans have been using plant resins for ...
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DENDRIMERS: NOVEL DRUG NANOCARRIERS
Dendrimers are unique class of the polymer which is characterized by its extensively branched 3D structure that provides a high degree of surface functionality and versatility. Many drugs used in various therapies are facing difficulties like toxicity or nonspecific targeting. New delivery technologies could help to overcome this challenge. Nanostructures with uniform and well-defined particle siz...
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CARBON NANOTUBES AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Carbon nanotubes are the technology that imagination by many scientists in the different country. There are small strengths, dimensions, and the remarkable physical properties of the carbon nanotubes that structures make a very unique material with a whole range of various applications. There are discussing some of the important application of materials science use in carbon nanotubes. There are...
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BIPHASIC ORAL SOLID DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
The manufacture of bi-layer tablets, produced by the sequential compaction of loose powder layers has recently become of increased interest within the pharmaceutical industry due to the tailored release profiles of active ingredients that may be obtained. In a bi-layer configuration, the immediate release layer of the bi-layer tablet has worked as the loading dose and the sustained release layer h...
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TARGETED THERAPIES FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an aggressive disease that needs to be treated effectively if subsequent deformity and disability are to be reduced. A recent advance in the management of RA is the use of biological agents which block certain key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the illness. They include tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) - blocking agents, Anti-Interleukin-1receptor (IL-1) antago...
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THE EFFICACY OF CUCURBITANE TYPE TRITERPENOIDS, GLYCOSIDES AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM MOMORDICA CHARANTIA: A REVIEW
Momordica charantia Linn. which has been used mainly for edible purposes at different countries of the world including South East Asia and has also been extensively used in traditional medicines for the cure of various ailments. M. charantia belongs to the cucurbitaceae family. Extensive research has been carried out on the fruit, leaves, and seeds of the plant. Most importantly, all these researc...
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EVALUATION OF STRESS IN EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY
Stress undoubtedly has become an integral part of human life. Stressful conditions have a derogative effect on normal physiological functions leading to a variety of disease states. Many of the most prevalent diseases of the modern era like hypertension, diabetes, behavioral disorders, etc. have been implicated as one of the many ill-effects of chronic stress. Experimental models are required to b...
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CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF PLANT CARDIOPROTECTIVES: A REVIEW
Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in most industrialized countries. Therefore, finding ways to reduce the mortality of cardiovascular disease remains an important public health goal. This review deals with medicinal plants possessing cardioprotective and cardiotonic activity. This review work explains chemical and pharmacological status of various cardioprotective plants incl...
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OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW
The scientist faced many challenges in Ocular drug delivery system due to unique anatomy and physiology of eye. In ocular drug delivery system there are two types of barriers static and dynamic barrier. Static barriers consist of different segment of eye such as cornea, sclera, retina and blood- retinal barriers. In other way dynamic barriers consists choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymph...
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Research Articles
COMPATIBILITY AND STABILITY STUDIES OF AMPICILLIN TRIHYDRATE AND PIPERINE MIXTURE
Ampicillin is used to treat variety of Bacterial infections in Humans. Piperine, an alkaloid from Piper species is reported to enhance oral bioavailability of co-administered drugs. The present study was aimed to include to Piperine (bioenhancer) as a formulation additive in oral formulations of Ampicillin Trihydrate. So, a Physical mixture of Ampicillin Trihydrate and Piperine (1:1) was tested ...
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ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF UTICA DIOICA LEAVES ON STZ INDUCED TYPE 1 DIABETIC MODEL RATS
In the present study we have explored the effect of Urtica dioica, a traditional antidiabetic herb used in India and Bangladesh, on insulinemic and chronic inflammatory status of type 1 diabetic model rats. The mature and fresh leaves of U. dioica was collected from the mountain range of Assam in India and the water extract of the leaves was used at a dose of 1.25g/kg body weight. Adult Long-Evans...
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KINETICS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION BY AN AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ROOTS
Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Family: Solanaceae) is extensively used in traditional Indian medicine as a nerve tonic and is thought to improve memory. We assessed the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and kinetics of an aqueous extract of W. somnifera root, in the context of its potential role in regulating the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain. The assessment of cholinester...
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IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE BLUME
The World Health Organization estimates that a staggering two billion people harbor parasitic worm infections. Parasitic worms also infect livestock and crops, affecting food production with a resultant economic impact. Despite this prevalence of parasitic infections, the research on antihelmentic drug is poor. As per WHO, only few drugs are frequently used in the treatment of helminthes in human ...
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EXTRACTIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MIANSERIN HYDROCHLORIDE BY ACID- DYE COMPLEXATION METHOD IN PURE AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS
A simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric method has been described for the assay of Mianserin hydrochloride (M-HCl) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical solid dosage form. The developed method involves formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-association complex of Mianserin hydrochloride (M-HCl) with Picric acid (PA), Chlorophenol red (ClPR), Bromthymol blue (BrTB), Bromcre...
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FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF PTEROCARPUS SANTALINUS LEAF IN-VITRO STUDY
The present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity and free radical scavenging potential of methanloic extract of Pterocarpus santalinus (PSMExt). Significant MIC was observed against Bacillus subtilis (0.312 mg/ml). Free radical scavenging potential of PSMExt was evaluated by using total antioxidant activity (thiocyanate method), diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and nit...
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CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA OF UTERINE CERVIX – A RARE CAUSE OF POSTCOITAL BLEEDING
Hemangiomas are abnormal accumulation or growth of blood vessels in the internal organs or in the skin. Most hemangiomas occur at birth while others develop after birth. There are two types of hemangiomas the capillary hemangioma and the cavernous hemangioma. A capillary hemangioma is usually seen at the top layer, while the cavernous hemangioma is often found at the deeper layer. Some patients, h...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OLANZAPINE AS “ORODISPERSIBLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM” BY USING BETA CYCLODEXTRIN AND SUPER DISINTEGRANT
As the psychotic, pediatric and geriatric patients are unable to swallow the medicine mouth dissolving drug delivery systems are designed for rapid dissolution and absorption of drug in the mouth within minutes without the need of water or chewing. Olanzapine is water insoluble drug hence to make it solubilize it is formulated as drug- polymer inclusion complex by using. The aim of the present stu...
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HIGH PREVALENCE OF HOOKWORM INFECTION AND APPARENT ABSENCE OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES: A CASE STUDY AT THE KOMFO ANOKYE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN GHANA
Background: Parasitic helminth infection is one of the major risk factors underlying the high rates of anaemia and malnutrition in many third world countries due to the poor socio-economic and environmental conditions of the people and these play a very significant role in their transmission. Method: 2000 stool specimens collected between May and October 2008 at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospit...
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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SALBUTAMOL AND AMBROXOL IN FIXED DOSE COMBINATION BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Salbutamol (SAL) and Ambroxol (AMB) is used for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis. Two simple, economical, accurate, and precise methods for simultaneous estimation of Salbutamol Sulphate (SAL) and Ambroxol Hydrochloride (AMB) in tablet dosage form have been developed. The methods are absorbance correction method (I) and first order derivative method (II). In first method ambroxol hydrochlori...
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PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AEGLE MARMELOS L. CORREA FRUIT PULP
The present study deals with the Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical studies of fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos. Macroscopy, organoleptic characters, microscopic features, physiochemical standardization parameters such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, alcohol, water and other organic solvent extractives, preliminary phytochemical assay, fluorescence analysis and microb...
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PROSPECTIVE SURVEY STUDY ON ASSESSMENT AND EDUCATION OF HOME MEDICINE CABINET IN GENERAL POPULATION OF COMMUNITY
Objective: To assess and educate about home medicine cabinet among randomly selected houses of people in community of Greater Noida city & to carry out the survey of medicines proper storage, safe use, list of total and expired drugs, their disposal and maintenance of home medicine cabinets. Method: This study was a simple randomised prospective survey study. This prospective study was carr...
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METHYL ESTER PRODUCTION FROM SCHLICHERA OLEOSA
Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils (edible & non edibles) and animal fats. The methyl ester of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engine and they would not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. At present, biodiesel is commercially prod...
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PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF DIPLAZIUM ESCULENTUM IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS
To study the anti-inflammatory effect of different extract of leaves of Diplazium esculentum in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity was screened by measuring the reduction in carrageenan induced hind paw edema. The potency of various extracts of leaves was compared with each other and standard Ibuprofen (100mg/kg) for anti-inflammatory activity. The results indicated that all the extracts of Diplaziu...
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VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TELMISARTAN FROM URINE
The proposed method is new, simple, sensitive, reproducible, economical, accurate and precise and can be successfully applied in estimation of Telmisartan (Telmi) from urine. This method can find applications in clinical studies and therapeutic drug monitoring. This method of colorimetric estimation of telmisartan from urine is based on the formation of yellow colored chromogen when it is reacted ...
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RICINUS COMMUNIS LEAF EXTRACT
Based on the scope given by traditional knowledge, present study was conducted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of castor (Ricinus communis, Family: Euphorbiaceae) leaf extract using five bacteria; two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerug...
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EVALUATION OF ANXIOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC ACTIVITY OF TEPHROSIA PURPURIA (L) PERS ON SWISS ALBINO MICE
The present work is to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of Tephrosia purpuria (L) Pers (HAETP) in mice using the elevated plus-maze (EPM), elevated zero-maze (EZM), Y-maze and hole-board models. Furthermore, the anxiolytic effects of HAETP were compared to a known active anxiolytic drug diazepam. The extract, administered orally, in two different doses of HAETP 200 mg/k...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HEADSPACE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN LEVETIRACETAM (API)
Levetiracetam is a new antiepileptic medication that is effective as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset seizures in adults and children 4 years of age and older with epilepsy. Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug available as a clear, colorless, grape-flavored liquid (100 mg/mL) for oral administration. It is the S-enantiomer of etiracetam, structurally similar to the prototypi...
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SCHWANNOMA PRESENTING AS A GYNAECOLOGICAL MASS WITH PREGNANCY- A CASE REPORT
Schwannomas are usually benign tumors that result from the proliferation of the perineural cells. Since these tumors are very rare, misdiagnosis is common. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous patt...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF GRANISETRON HYDROCHLORIDE BY DRY GRNULATION METHOD
The aim of work is to characterization and evaluation of fast dissolving tablet of Granisetron hydrochloride using three superdisintegrants like crosscarmellose sodium, crosspovidone and sodium starch glycolate. FTIR studies revealed that there was no physico-chemical interaction between granisetron hydrochloride and other excipients. The tablets were prepared by dry granulation method and all had...
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ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF HELIOTRPIUM INDICUM LEAVES EXTRACT
The objective of present study is to evaluate the anti ulcer activity of ethanol extract of leaves of Heliotropium indicum. The ethanol extract of H. indicum was investigated for its anti ulcer activity against Aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer in rats, HCl- Ethanol induced ulcer in mice and water immersion stress induced ulcer in rats. The antiulcer activity was assessed by dete...
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PRE-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE SILENCING TECHNIQUE FOR CONTROLLING SKIN CANCER
Familial cancers, which are in general incapable of exhibiting symptoms at the early onset period of the disease, can become fatal if left undiagnosed. Such cancers turn out to be a great threat through many generations in the long run. The remedial alternative to this is treatment at the genetic level which quite obviously points out to gene therapy. In this work, gene therapy proposed at the...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF MELIA AZADIRACHTA & MURRAYA KOEINGI
Quercetin is the most abundant natural flavonoid, present in medicinal plants. Quercetin is of interest because of its pharmacological function. Quantification of quercetin from the dried leaves of Melia azadirachta and Murraya koiengi was carried out based on chromatographic separation. Sensitive, simple, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been established for detecti...
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