Volume 8 (2017) - Issue 5, May
Review Articles
EFFICACY AND MECHANISMS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AS IMMUNOTHERAPY IN TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Allergic rhinitis is a common disease of immune system that negatively affects general health, quality of life, and social relationships. In the recent years, many studies have been conducted to discover novel treatments for this disease particularly using natural products. Here, we review findings of recent studies that harness medicinal plants and phyto-therapies in oriental medicine that have e...
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CURRENT ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND TOXIC EFFETCS OF VARIOUS CAPSICUM SPECIES
Nature always stands as a golden mark to exemplify the outstanding phenomena of symbiosis. Natural products from plant, animal and minerals have been the basis of the treatment of human disease. Capsicum plants belongs to the family Solanaceae and kingdom Plantae, consist of 27 species, and approximately 3000 varieties. Chili peppers are used worldwide in foods for their pungent flavor, aroma, and...
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MICROBIAL PIGMENTS AS A NATURAL COLOR: A REVIEW
Natural pigments have great interest with in the market now a day’s particularly microbial pigments. The various microorganisms such as Micrococcus, Bacillus, Rhodotorula, Monascus, Phaffia, Sarcina and Achromobacter have the capability to produce different pigments. These colors have number of beneficial properties like anti-cancerous, immunosuppressive, antibiotic, anti-proliferative, bio-degr...
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EMERGING FUNGAL PATHOGENS – A MAJOR THREAT TO HUMAN LIFE
Statistical figures represent that fungal infections are the major cause of thousands of deaths each year. Despite the availability of treatment options invasive and systemic fungal infections have alarmingly higher mortality rates. This current review tabulates such fungal organisms that are pathogenic and fatal to human. This article provides a compilation of all Mycoses in human and also report...
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HERBAL AND ALLOPATHIC MEDICINE FOR KIDNEY, GALLBLADDER AND URINARY STONES: A REVIEW
Medicinal plants have been known for millennia and are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention of various ailments. Today large number of population suffers from kidney stone, gall stone and urinary calculi. Stone disease has gained increasing significance due to changes in living conditions i.e. industrialization and malnutrition. Changes in pr...
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A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PHYTOTHERAPIES FOR NEWBORN JAUNDICE IN IRAN
Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common diseases among neonates that may cause irreparable complications such as kernicterus. This systematic review article was conducted to report and introduce medicinal plants that are used to treat neonatal jaundice in Iranian traditional medicine. To conduct this systematic review, the terms jaundice and icterus combined with the terms ethnobotanical, ethn...
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VARICOSE VEINS: AN OVERVIEW OF CURRENT AND HERBAL TREATMENTS
Varicose Veins can be explained as a disorder of the veins (especially of legs) wherein they get affected due to the backward flow and turbulence in the circulation of the blood. The veins get perverted, become enlarged due to a condition called edema. The disease also shows many associated symptoms which worsens the condition of the varicose veins. The present article deals with brief introductio...
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A REVIEW ON THE SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PIPERIDIN-4-ONES K. P. Greeshma * and S. Muthulingam
Piperidine is a key structural motif in various alkaloids and a variety of compounds studied in medicinal chemistry. Though many methods have been developed for their construction, there is still need for noval approaches. Among the wide variety of heterocyclic compounds; piperidin-4-ones exhibit various biological activities. Synthesis and biological applications of piperidin-4-ones derivatives a...
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STEM CELLS IN REGENERATIVE ENDODONTICS
Endodontic treatment is helpful in saving millions of teeth each year, but at present the focus has shifted towards regenerative approaches as an ideal form of therapy to treat diseased or necrotic pulp tissues. Regeneration of lost tissues has been known for a very long time, but their use in dentistry is gaining momentum. The growing understanding of biological regeneration has permitted the use...
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Research Articles
EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ARISTOLOCHIA LONGA L. EXTRACTS
Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiacea) is a native plant of Algeria used in traditional medicine. This study was devoted to the determination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins contents of A. longa L. extracts. Extracts were prepared from aerial parts (stems and leaves), fruits and tubers by using various solvents with different polarities such as acetone, methanol and distilled water. Aceto...
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POLYMER COMBINATION FOR PARENTERAL DRUG DELIVERY
The number of medical applications for natural or synthetic biomaterials contin\ues to expand. One particularly interesting development concerns the use of injectable polymeric biomaterials. The forms in which the biomaterials are injected can vary from particulate matter, e.g., microspheres or irregularly shaped particles, to gels and cements that are injected in liquid form and which harden insi...
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ORALLY FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS OF SUMATRIPTAN LOADED EUDRAGIT E MICROPARTICLES: A PROMISING CHOICE FOR TASTE MASKING
Sumatriptan succinate, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-1 receptor agonist, is an antimigraine drug with bitter-taste. The present study was performed to prepare and evaluate eudragit-E microparticles containing sumatriptan and formulate fast disintegrating tablets of drug microparticles to increase patient-compliance and improve the efficacy of drug. Microparticles were prepared by solvent-evapora...
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EFFICACY OF MASSOIA OIL IN COMBINATION WITH SOME INDONESIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS OILS AS ANTI-BIOFILM AGENT TOWARDS CANDIDA ALBICANS
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is often caused by biofilm formation of the microbial pathogen. One strategy used to combat this recalcitrance mechanism is by using the combination of antimicrobial drugs. Essential oils have evoked interest as sources of natural products and represent an alternative approach in combating microbial pathogen. The aim of the present work was to investigate the po...
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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT PRODUCED BY CUMINUM CYMINUM, FRUITS OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICUS AND SILYMARIN AGAINST CISPLATIN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Cisplatin is a cytotoxic drug which induced the hepatotoxicity in the albino mice when intra-peritoneally administered at the dose of 10mg/kg. Administration of cisplatin raised the level of LFT’s enzymes and also reduced the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of the mice. Administration of Cuminum cyminum, Phyllanthus emblicus extract and silymarin remarkably showed the hepatoprotective ...
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DESIGN OF SYNTHETIC ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AGAINST RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII USING COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH
Acinetobacter baumanniiis typically coccobacillus Gram-Negative bacterium, resists almost all antibiotics in use. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against this bacterium were designed with the aid of computational software and databases to be with the accepted models. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) might be the candidate solution for the this problems. Four peptides designated MY1, MY2, MY3 ...
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EFFECTIVE IN VIVO CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES LOWERING ACTIVITIES OF HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LAUNAEA TARAXACIFOLIA LEAVES
Launaea taraxacifolia is a leaf vegetable consumed in several African countries including Nigeria, Ghana and Benin. It is eaten as salad, sauce and infusion to fight against certain diseases including liver diseases, diabetes and hypertension. The hydroethanolic extract of Launaea taraxacifolia leaves is rich in polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids and tannins catechists) and would have antioxi...
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ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EXTRACT OF LEMON GRASS LEAVES IN REPELLING MOSQUITO
The main objective of the work was to extract the active ingredient in Cymbopogon citratus leave and to formulate a mosquito repellent cream naturally obtained from medicinal plants instead of commonly available synthetic repellents and insecticides such as N-Diethyl-3methylbenzamide (DEET), which are carcinogenic and non eco-friendly. The formulation of cream have smooth texture with a pH 7.30 wh...
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SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ETODOLAC AND PARACETAMOL IN BULK DRUGS AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY HPTLC-DENSITOMETRIC AND UV-DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHODS
In current research work two methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of etodolac and paracetamol in binary mixtures. HPTLC-densitometry was employed for the determination of the mixture for etodolac 50-400 ng band⁻¹ and for paracetamol 50-300 ng band⁻¹. Separation was carried out on a silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates, using toluene: acetone: methanol: glacial acetic acid (6...
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EXTRACTION, MOLECULAR DOCKING, HPTLC ESTIMATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF UREASE INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF STEM BARK OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA
The extraction of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna using different extraction methods viz. room temperature extraction (RTE), soxhlet extraction (SE), Ultrasound assisted extraction (USAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE), estimation of the percentage yield of marker compounds arjunic acid and arjunolic acid present and in vitro evaluation of urease inhibitory activity of the extracts has bee...
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CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BIOGENIC SILVER NANO-PARTICLES USING LEAF EXTRACT OF THUNBERGIA ALATA BOJER EX SIMS
The multidrug-resistant strains are a major problem in the control of infections in hospitals. The smaller size of nanoparticles is gaining importance in research for the treatment of various diseases. The main objective of this study is synthesis of silver nanoparticle in eco-friendly manner without using any hazardous chemicals. Stable and spherical shaped nanoparticles Synthesized by using aque...
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MYCOREMEDIATION OF TEXTILE DYES USING TALAROMYCES FUNICULOSUM JAMS1
The present study was planned with the aim to remove various dye decolorization using fungal strains. The fungi was isolated from soil samples collected from waste disposal areas and agricultural fields. Nine isolates were initially selected for testing their decolorization potential in the liquid medium. Three most effective strains were used to study the decolorization of four different dyes i.e...
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EVOLVULUS ALSINOIDES (EAE) PLANT EXTRACT AS A MODULATOR OF CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM WITH REFERENCE TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia, in which nerve cells in memory areas of brain and eventually other areas begin to die at accelerated rate resulting in serious deterioration in several mental functions such as memory loss, language, orientation and judgment. The main objective of the present study was to investigate and compare the neuro-pharmacological effects of Evolvulus alsinoides ...
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IN SILICO FINDING OF THE PUTATIVE DRUG TARGETS FROM HYPOTHETICAL SET OF PROTEINS FOR MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE TN
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium leprae. It is most prevalent in tropical countries and poses a threat to over 122 countries across the globe. In 2012, 232857 new cases of leprosy were registered in the world. World Health Organization (WHO), recommended the Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) for treatment of leprosy, but the minimum duration of treatment ...
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SCHIZOPHRENIA: A LOOK FORWARD WITH ZINC06025953
Phosphodiesterase PDE10A is an enzyme that has established connection earlier with schizophrenic condition, schizophrenia is well known severely chronic and disabling disease worldwide today. Unfortunately, there is no concrete evidence till day to point out as a single cause of this disease. However, in a recent work a research team of Merck Research Group recognized earlier pyp-1 as an effective...
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EFFECT OF COMBINATION THERAPY USING COW (BOS INDICUS) URINE DISTILLATE AND SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AGAINST SELECTIVE PATHOGENIC GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Inconsequential use of broad-spectrum antibiotics results in the evolution of multiple drug resistant pathogenic gram-negative bacterial strains which is a global health threat and is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. This necessitated the search for new effective and safe treatment strategies. One such successful treatment strategy is combination therapy which comprises cow urin...
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DEVELOPMENT OF ONDANSETRON HCL FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING 32 FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN
The present investigation was carried out to study the disintegrant property of Plantago ovata and Ocimum basilicum mucilages. The objective of the work was to develop Fast disintegrating tablets of Ondansetron HCl with a view to enhance patient compliances and dissolution rate by direct compression method using 3² full factorial design. Plantago ovata (2-10% w/w), Ocimum basilicum (4-8%w/w) muci...
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A STUDY ON FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CURCUMIN FOR STOMACH TUMORS AND ULCER
Purpose: To prepare and evaluate floating tablet of curcumin for prolonged gastric residence time and increased drug bioavailability for the treatment of gastric problem. Methods: Floating tablet were prepared by wet granulation method using different ratios of Curcumin, Psyllium husk, HPMC K 15 M, HPMC K 100 M and Mangifera indica gum. The respective powders were blended thoroughly and a dump mas...
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A NOVEL STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AND AMBROXOL IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM
A new, simple, sensitive, precise, accurate and stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and Ambroxol Hydrochloride in combined tablet formulation. The combination is mainly used as mucolytic. The study aimed at developing and validating a method which can be used easily and effectively for determination of given drugs in vari...
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A NOVEL STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE AND EMTRICITABINE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
The prime aim and object of present investigation is to develop and validate a novel, precise, accurate, specific, rapid and economic stability- indicating isocratic reverse phase liquid chromatography method for the quantitative simultaneous estimation of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and Emtricitabine in bulk and marketed formulations. Estimation of drugs in this combination was achieved with a ...
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PHYSICOCHEMICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING AND ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM
Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae) is a moderate to large deciduous tree, belonging to family Fabaceae. It is considered as an extremely useful source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and for industrial product development. The present study includes physicochemical parameters like ash value, extractive value, fluorescence analysis, moisture cont...
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A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL TO ASSESS AND COMPARE THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANTS OF LYTHRACEAE FAMILY WITH HIORA MOUTH WASHES IN SUBJECTS WITH CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS – “UNVEILING THE UNSEEN EFFECTS”
Aims and objectives: Periodontal disease is the most common disease associated with microbial infection with destruction of supporting structures. The aim of the present study is compare the antimicrobial efficacy of plants of lythraceae family with hiora mouthwash in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: A total of 90 subjects were taken and randomly divided into three group...
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CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND COGNITIVE STATUS
Background: The relation between Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and cognitive impairment is an important public health issue because the prevalence of CKD is increased worldwide. In recent years, chronic kidney disease has been proposed as an independent risk factor for cognitive decline but the available data are conflicting. In the present study, we examined the relations of CKD and lower renal fi...
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CHARACTERISATION OF NARIKELA LAVANA
Background: Narikela lavana is a classical formulation which has been described in the samhitas such as Chakradatta, Vangsena, Bhavaprakash, and Rasa tarangini. The main indication of Narikela lavana is Parinaam shoola which can be broadly correlated with Peptic ulcer as per the modern parameters. As the name suggests, Narikela lavana contains only two ingredients- Narikela (coconut) and saindhava...
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EXTENT AND PATTERN OF SELF MEDICATION USE AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS OF A JURISDICTION IN NORTH INDIA
Introduction: Self Medication (SM), a form of self care, is a topic of growing interest among researchers and a matter of concern for policy makers and implementors, owing to a plethora of associated malpractices in general population. There is paucity of information about this menace, especially in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence, pattern and ...
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VARIATION IN RESIN DUCTS AND YIELD IN CHIR PINE POPULATION
Pinus roxburghii (F-Pinaceae) is one of the most common chir-pine found in the mid-Himalayan region. The crown of this species displays two different needle colour morphotypes (Dark- Green, Light- Green). It is a well known timber and resin yielding tree. Wood exudes oleoresin which yields rosin and turpentine oil having important role in commercial industry. So, the present study was focused on t...
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A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HAART REGIMENS ON CD4 COUNTS OF HIV PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS
Introduction: AIDS is one the most dreaded diseases of human race in the present times. More than two- third of HIV infected individuals have an associated infectious pulmonary disease. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered as more virulent compared to other opportunistic pathogen causing latent infection. Cure of AIDS is still an unsolved mystery but some of the drugs have been developed to de...
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A NEW VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF METFORMIN HCL AND EMPAGLIFLOZIN IN ITS BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
A New method was established for simultaneous estimation of Metformin and Empagliflozin by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic conditions were successfully developed for the separation of Metformin and Empagliflozin by using Symmetry C18 column (4.6×150mm) 5µ, flow rate was 1ml/min, mobile phase ratio was (70:30 v/v) methanol: phosphate buffer (KH2PO4 and K2HPO4) phosphate pH 3 (pH was adjusted ...
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DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF SPRAY DRIED AMORPHOUS TERNARY SYSTEM OF CELECOXIB USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
One of the major challenges in pharmaceutical development is the poor dissolution performance of drugs. Celecoxib (CLX) is a poorly water soluble drug with its bioavailability being limited by its poor dissolution. In this study spray drying method was employed to prepare CLX: PVP K30:HPB (hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin) amorphous ternary system (ATS). Statistical experimental design was employed t...
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PHARMACOECONOMICAL EVALUATION OF ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS FOR TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN A MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL
The objective of the study was to determine the cost effective drug among oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in a multispeciality hospital to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus. The prospective cost effectiveness study was conducted for 6 months period in patients who were diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus and were receiving treatment specifically with oral hypoglycemic agent(s). The data obtaine...
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PYRAZOLIDINE-3, 5-DIONE AND 2-METHYL-4-OXO-4H-THIOCHROMENE-8-CARBONYL CONJUGATES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING
In this study, a novel series of heterocyclic compounds containing pyrazolidine-3, 5-dione nucleus has been synthesized. The compounds were synthesized in four steps; esterification of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid in an acidic medium to yield 2-mercapto-benzoic acid ethyl ester which was cyclized using ethyl acetoacetate to form 2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-thiochromene-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. These were re...
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF AERIAL PARTS OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC MASS SPECTROMETRY
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn a perennial aquatic plant also known as sacred lotus. The Rhizome, flower, seeds and leaves all are edible and have been proved for their medicinal value. Study about its phyto-nutrients in the aerial parts are scanty. In the present study a phytoscreening of aerial parts of Nelumbo nucifera seeds and seed pod was done to assess and compare their phytoconstituents. Total ph...
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EFFECT OF PROPRIETARY CHROMIUM COMPLEX AND ITS INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS VERSUS CHROMIUM PICOLINATE, CHROMIUM POLYNICOTINATE AND CHROMIUM DINICOCYSTEINATE ON ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION, BIOMARKERS AND LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETICS – A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Background: Hyperglycemia may induce endothelial dysfunction. Chromium Supplementation enhances endothelial relaxation and may improve endothelial dysfunction. Present study was planned to evaluate effect of proprietary chromium complex(PPC) and its individual components on endothelial dysfunction and lipid profile in type 2diabetics. Methodology: Study was done in two parts. In part I, PPC 400mcg...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS STUDIES OF SYZYGIUM DHANESHIANA LEAF AND BARK EXTRACTS
Syzygium dhaneshiana is a new plant species of Syzygium is described from the Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The medicinal values of the plant is so far unexplored, hence the study forms a basis for the bioactive components present in the plant. The aim of this study is to screen the phytochemicals present in the leaf and bark of the plant and the analysis of bioactive components present i...
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PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PARACETOMOL MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES USING TAMARIND SEED POLYSACCHARIDE AS A NATURAL BINDER
Mucoadhesive buccal patches provide a wide variant of therapeutic effect via mucosa and buccal region of the mouth. They provide zero first pass metabolism and high bioavailability providing patient compliance. In the present study, buccal patches of paracetamol were developed to improve the bioavailability and half life of the drug. In the process of its preparation binder plays a greater role in...
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EFFECTS OF GLYCOSMIS PENTAPHYLLA LEAF POWDER AGAINST CHRONIC ARSENICOSIS IN RATS
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) leaf powder against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induced toxicosis in adult albino rats. Forty eight albino rats having body weight 150-200 gm of either sex were randomly divided (equally) into four groups viz., I0, I1, I2, I3. Sodium arsenite was administered at 4mg/kg body weight daily in drinking water for 90 day...
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POLYPHARMACY AND MEDICATION COMPLIANCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Polypharmacy may affect patient’s QOL. Polypharmacy has been shown to result in Unnecessary and/or inappropriate medication prescribing, increased risk for drug interactions and ADRs, Non adherence, and increased overall drug expenditures. That’s how poly pharmacy affects patient compliance. A retrospective study was conducted about the polypharmacy and medication compliance in patient with ty...
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IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC & CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF EARTHWORM (LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS) EXTRACTS
This in-vitro antidiabetic and cytotoxic activity of earthworm Lumbricus rubellus extracts were investigated. In the present study, three types of solvent (petroleum ether, 95% ethanol and phosphate buffer) extracts of earthworm paste were prepare and subjected to preliminary screening. The antidiabetic activity was determined in terms of its ability to inhibit the α-amylase activity. Different c...
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PHARMACISTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ABOUT ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN BASRA/IRAQ
Pharmacovigilance can be helpful in defending consumers from harmful effects of medicines. Pharmacists should consider Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting as their professional obligation and should be aware of the existing pharmacovigilance mechanisms in their countries. Purpose: The present study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the pharmacists towards ADRs and pharmaco...
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MIDAZOLAM SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT PRE-FORMULATION TECHNIQUES AT NASAL PHYSIOLOGICAL pH
Midazolam is used as short-acting pre-anesthetic benzodiazepine with solubility of <0.1mg/mL at neutral-pH, which increases considerably in acidic media. Midazolam commercial acidic aqueous parenteral formulation (pH~3.3) causes pain and inflammation at administration site, which induces low patient-compliance. According to the absence of non-parenteral formulation, available parenteral dosage-...
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EVALUATION OF A DESIGNED COMMUNITY-BASED POST -DISCHARGE WARFARIN MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL ON IRAQI PATIENTS
Introduction: The warfarin management programs include mainly routine INR measurement, dosing protocols, clinical management protocols for excessive anticoagulation, and patient education. There have been numerous investigations to explore the most appropriate model for outpatients, accordingly different Anticoagulation Management Programs have been emerged in practice. Aims and objectives: This s...
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