Volume 7 (2016) - Issue 10, October
Review Articles
PATHOGENESIS AND NEURO-PROTECTIVE AGENTS OF STROKE
Stroke remains world’s second leading cause of mortality; and globally most frequent cause of long-lasting disabilities. The ischaemic pathophysiologic cascade leading to neuronal damage consists of peri-infarct depolarization, excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Despite plethora of experimental evidences and advancement into the development of treatments, clinical tre...
4243
1415
CANAVALIA VIROSA ROXB.: A REVIEW
Man has been dependent on plants for the treatment and cure of different diseases since time immemorial. Plants have served not only as a source of food and shelter but also as a very important source of different “portions” used for the treatment and cure of diseases. These portions are herbal or plant based mixtures made by traditional healers; who are individuals having a knowledge of medic...
5962
1709
FLAVONOIDS: THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NATURAL PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS
Flavonoids are the natural compound widely distributed in plant kingdom, it is responsible for the various colors exhibited by bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of plants. They are the secondary metabolites of plant with significant antioxidant properties. Flavonoids have antioxidant, sedative, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anticancer,...
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Research Articles
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AND HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE AS POTENTIAL ANTIPRECIPITANTS ON SUPERSATURATED DRUG SOLUTIONS AND FORMULATIONS USING WEAKLY ACIDIC DRUG: INDOMETHACIN
Most of the drug discovered in past decade belongs to biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II. The solubility of these drugs is the limiting factor for oral bioavailability. The drug can be present in solution in a supersaturated state; however, it has a tendency to crystallize out. In this paper, we aim to study the effect of molecular weight of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (PVP K12,...
7895
1916
IN VIVO ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC, ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF COCCINIA GRANDIS (L.) VOIGT (CUCURBITACEAE) LEAF EXTRACT: AN APPROACH TO SCRUTINIZE THE THERAPEUTIC BENEFITS OF TRADITIONAL SRI LANKAN MEDICINES AGAINST DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS
Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Voigt (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate antihyperlipidemic, antioxidative effects of the leaf extract of C. grandis in sterptozotocin induced diabetic rats and to standardize the leaf extract of C. grandis by standard analytical methods. The result...
3644
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OPTIMIZATION OF VARIOUS PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR FORMULATION OF MODEL ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC DRUG BY USING DRY GRANULATION METHOD
The Tablet manufacturing process is a complex process, influenced by several process variables The aim of this study was to optimize blending; roller compaction and tablets compression processes using design space approach for a model Anti- Hyperlipidemic drug Fluvastatin. During each processes there are several factors which may affect product quality. So the main objective of present work was ...
18710
2483
SELF-ASSEMBLED BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES WITH IMPROVED SOLUBILITY OF CARVEDILOL: PREPARATION, CHARACTERISATION AND IN VITRO RELEASE KINETICS
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied during the past few decades due to their well-recognised applicability. Thus, the present study was aimed to fabricate Carvedilol (CVD) a β-adrenoceptor antagonist, as NPs aiming towards the optimal physicochemical characteristics and improved solubility. The prepared NPs demonstrated a linear increase in the mean particle size from253 ± 19 to 59...
3987
1211
THE EFFECT OF UGT1A6 POLYMORPHISM AT TWO LOCI ON THE CLINICAL RESPONSE TO VALPROIC ACID IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN
Background and Aim: Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug. The main pathway of its elimination is through conjugation by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases with several polymorphic forms. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of polymorphism in UGT1A6 enzyme-coding gene at two loci, namely, 541A>G and 552A>C on clinical outcome in Egyptian children with idiopathic epileps...
3816
1340
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PURE FORM, PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Thiamine hydrochloride, also known as Vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin which is important biologically and pharmaceutically. A new simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) in pure form and biological fluids. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of Thiamine Hydrochloride with Procaine HCl which ...
11141
2797
THE EFFECT OF PURIFIED NIGELLA SATIVA LECTIN AGAINST TUMOR DEVELOPMENT IN FEMALE ALBINO MICE AND GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN PUMA GENE
The purpose of this study examine whether the polymorphism in p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) gene consequential treated with purified Nigella sativa lectin in tumor induced mice. Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. Possess a seed lectin that was purified by combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity chromatography on a Se...
4141
1212
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF FIVE SRI LANKAN MEDICINAL PLANTS: A BIOCHEMICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Asteracantha longifolia, Asparagus falcatus, Vetiveria zizanioides, Coriandrum sativum and Epaltes divaricate have proven hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects against carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice and are widely used in Sri Lanka for the treatment of liver disorders. However, toxicological information regarding their safety after exposure to experimental...
4682
1243
STUDY OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF ADIPONECTIN AND HOMA-IR IN TUNISIAN SUBJECTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multi-factorial disorder with insulin resistance as a major characteristic. Adiponectin, an adipocyte derived cytokine, can regulate glucose levels and lipid homeostasis by its insulin sensitizer properties. Low circulating levels of serum adiponectin has been reported as a risk factor for the development of MS. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the...
2826
1067
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS UTILIZATION PATTERN IN BUTAJIRA ZONAL HOSPITAL, BUTAJIRA TOWN, SOUTH ETHIOPIA
Background: Many factors contribute for prevalence of high blood pressure including poor treatment compliance, lack of access to health care and lack of physician adherence to therapeutics. In Ethiopia, routine health care report is incomplete and erratic and 90% individuals diagnosed with hypertension do not properly adhere to treatment. The present study was carried out to assess the antihyperte...
4209
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EVALUATION OF SOLID-STATE FORMS OF CURCUMINOIDS
Curcuminoids are dietary phytochemicals obtained from dried rhizomes of turmeric plant (Curcuma longa). Curcuminoids are mixture of curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin in which curcumin is a major constituent. Several polymorphic forms of curcumin were reported. The present study relates to the preparation of different solid forms of curcuminoids and to study the influence of ot...
4389
1211
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENTIAL OF DILLENIA INDICA LINN FRUIT ON DMBA INDUCED SKIN PAPILLOMAGENESIS IN MICE
Dillenia indica linn fruit, commonly known as elephant apple has indigenous use in various culinary dishes of Assam and it has a history of being used as traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant and chemopreventive properties. Ethanolic extract of Dillenia indica fruit was used as experimental sample. Antioxidant activity was studied in vitro, at concentra...
3971
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DESIGN OF CORE COMPRESSED TABLETS OF AZITHROMYCIN AND BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS DUAL RELEASE SYSTEM
Bromhexine hydrochloride, mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders. Azithromycin is use in wide variety of bacterial infections. The aim of this present work is to formulate dual drug delivery system containing azithromycin as immediate release and bromhexine hydrochloride as sustained release action. The sustained release part as core tablet of bromhexine prepared because of...
5626
1667
EFFECT OF GLY 16 ARG SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ON AGONIST BINDING TO BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR – A STRUCTURAL PHARMACOGENOMIC APPROACH
Asthma is obAdd Newstructive disease characterized by bronchoconstriction and inflammation for which beta 2 (β2) agonists that act through the β2 adrenoceptor are the first line agents of choice. Glycine16Arginine (Gly16Arg) is a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of β2 adrenoceptor whose effects on treatment response remain inconclusive. Hence the study aims to understand and determin...
3685
1225
PHYTOCHEMICAL & IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC STUDIES ON THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA LINN.
The aim of the present study is to carry out fluorescence analysis, phytochemical extraction, preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids saponins and in vitro antiurolithiatic studies on the leaf aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia variegata. The results of fluorescence analysis indicate that the powder on treatment with 50% H2SO4 shows...
4980
1849
COMPARATIVE MODELING OF INACTIVE UBIQUITIN THIOESTERASE FAM105A AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF SYNTHESIZED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
In this study, homology modeling and molecular docking studies were performed to explore structural features and binding mechanism of synthesized benzimidazole derivatives as ubiquitin inhibitors. A homology modeling procedure was employed to construct a 3D model of ubiquitin protein by using MODELLER9.15. For this procedure, the X-ray crystal structure of Gumby / fam105b in Complex with linear Di...
2643
1186
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF CANDESARTAN CILEXITIL
Candesartan Cilexitil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. Candesartan cilexitil is a BCS class II drug having low solubility and high permeability. Candesartan Cilexitil is a prodrug which is rapidly converted to the active drug, Candesartan, by ester hydrolysis during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of Candesartan...
3414
1116
DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID DISPERSED FEXOFENADINE HYDROCHLORIDE BUCCAL FILM BY CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride (FHCl) is a second generation antihistaminic drug which is used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. It is a BCS class II drug and has high first pass metabolism leading to low oral bioavailability. Drug-inclusion complex with 2HPβCD was prepared by kneading method and characterized for solubility study, FTIR study and in vitro dissolution study. Nine di...
3611
4176
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF OATS (AVENA SATIVA), RICE BRAN (ORYZA SATIVA) AND SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA) IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Aim of the present study was to compare antianxiety activity of various extracts of Oats (OA), Rice Bran (RB) and Spinach (SP) which are rich in phenolics mainly flavonoids and possesses excellent antioxidant property. Flavonoids are reported to have effect on central nervous system, mainly in anxiety disorders. The activity of various extracts (petroleum ether and hydroalcoholic) of all the three...
3657
1101
GREEN SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF CURCUMINANILINE FUNCTIONALIZED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES WITH ITS NON-FUNCTIONALIZED FORM
Biofunctionalization of nanoparticles is an advancement of current nanotechnology and biotechnology fields. Developing biocompatible progressive functional materials possess antimicrobial properties could be hopeful for environmentally benevolent applications. Biofunctionalization of nanomaterials is one such topic to produce the non-toxic and more efficient antimicrobial agents. The present study...
4463
1338
NATURAL ACID CATALYSED SYNTHESIS OF SCHIFF’S BASES FROM 1-(1-PHENYL-ETHYLIDENE) SEMICARBAZIDE
The natural acid like lemon juice provides mild acidic state which used to catalyzed reaction of primary amine and aldehyde in green solvent like ethanol at room temperature reflux for 1.5 hour gives Schiff bases in good yield. Schiff bases have attracted considerable attention of us due to their significant biological activities 1 like anticancer, antitumor, anti inflammatory agents 4, insecticid...
5249
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IN-VITRO ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS TO RESISTANT STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly significant infection of microbial origin causing death of human in developing countries. The anti-tubercular drugs are less effective because of the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains and ineffective to extensively drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plants are being an alternative source of anti-microbial compounds; the aim of this stud...
4168
1400
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF 1% ALENDRONATE GEL AND TETRACYCLINE FIBERS AS AN ADJUNCT TO SCALING AND ROOT PLANING: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL CLINICAL TRIAL
The objective of this study was to compare efficacy of 1% Alendronate gel and Tetracycline fibers as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP). A total of 30 patients with diagnosis of chronic periodontitis (60 localized periodontitis sites) in an age group of 20-55 years were selected. None of these patients had received any non-surgical or surgical periodontal therapy and had periodontal poc...
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FORMULATION OF NATURAL MOSQUITO PAPER COIL AND EVALUATION OF MOSQUITOCIDAL ACTIVITY
The main aim of the present study is to formulate low cost natural mosquito paper coil and to evaluate the mosquitocidal activity of Annona squamosa leaf extracts. Annona squamosa Linn. is the plant belonging to the family of Annonaceae commonly known as custard apple. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from the Annona squamosa leaf extracts reported to possess anti-diabetic activity, ...
4233
1214
A NOVEL REVERSE PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN, EZETIMIBE AND FENOFIBRATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
A novel reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin Calcium, Ezetimibe and Fenofibrate in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulations by using reverse phase Agilent 100-5 C18 column [250mm x 4.6mm]. The mobile phase (Methanol: water) in the ratio of 70:30% v/v was pumped at a flow rate of 1ml/min and the column effluents were monitore...
3383
1275
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID AND BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ON COLD STRESS INDUCED NEURONAL CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF RATS.
The present study aimed to compare the effect of Omega3 fatty acids (OFA) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC’s) on stress induced neuronal degeneration in CA1 hippocampus region of rats. For isolation and culture of BMSCs, a three week old Wistar rat was sacrificed, femora and tibiae were collected then mesenchymal cells cultured. The 6th passage cells are analyzed by flow cytometry fo...
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DRUG PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OBSERVATION AT A ENT OPD DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT MALAPPURAM DISTRICT OF KERALA
Affordability to healthcare is one of the major factors that have impact on the health care access in the Indian subcontinent. It is the main responsibility of the pharmacist in ensuring that patients get the right drug in the right quantity at the right time. Thus, such prescription pattern monitoring studies can promote appropriate use and reduction of abuse or misuse of monitored drug. The aim ...
5716
1354
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF CANDESARTAN CILEXITIL
Candesartan Cilexitil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. Candesartan cilexitil is a BCS class II drug having low solubility and high permeability. Candesartan Cilexitil is a prodrug which is rapidly converted to the active drug, Candesartan, by ester hydrolysis during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of Candesartan...
3223
1075
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSION OF FLUCONAZOLE
The Goal of the present investigation was to design and evaluate gels for topical delivery of water insoluble antifungal agent Fluconazole with an aim to increase its penetration through skin and there by its flux. This is a broad spectrum imidazole derivative useful in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The solubility of Fluconazole is increased by preparing solid disper...
5407
2025
ANTI-TUSSIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE AND METHANOL EXTRACTS OF ADHATODA VASICA NEES
The present study was carried out to evaluate anti-tussive activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees. As cough is a natural reflex expulsive defense mechanism of the body, it is the most common symptom of respiratory disease. Ammonium hydroxide and Sulphur dioxide induced cough models in mice were used for evaluation of antitussive activity of ethyl acetate...
3215
1064
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MDA, SOD AND HbA1c LEVELS IN PATIENTS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH RETINOPATHY AND WITHOUT RETINOPATHY
Background: Diabetes mellitus comprises a group of metabolic disorders that share the common phenotype of hyperglycemia, association with the biochemical alteration of glucose and lipid peroxidation. Abnormalities in metabolism, including elevated polyol pathway, increased non-enzymatic glycation, accumulation of AGEs, uncontrolled oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity (PKC) and the expressi...
4517
1493
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ETHAMBUTOL IN PURE AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS USING TRIPHENYL METHANE DYES
Simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Ethambutol in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations using triphenyl methane dyes have been developed. The developed methods involve formation of coloured chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with triphenyl methane dyes viz., bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromophenol b...
6156
1719
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYTHENE BAGS DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM VISAKHAPATNAM DUMPING YARD
Most low density bags are made from polythene, a chemically inert compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Burning of this plastic waste and burying of the plastics releases harmful toxic material which is a major pollutant in environment. Degradation of waste plastics through microorganism is the alternative method to deal with such problems. In this present study low density polythene bags de...
4594
1206
DNA BINDING AND NUCLEASE ACTIVITY OF STRUCTURALLY CHARACTERIZED COPPER(II) COMPLEX
A mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(bpy)2(NO3)] NO3 H2O (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) has been synthesized and characterized based on physico-chemical spectral data. The complex is characterized based on electronic, IR and ESR spectroscopies. The structure of the complex is determined by single crystal X-Ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic space group P-1. Structural analy...
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1181
A COMPARISON STUDY OF LIPOSOMES, TRANSFERSOMES AND ETHOSOMES BEARING LAMIVUDINE
The aim of this study was to compare the skin permeation of liposomes, transfersomes and ethosomes of lamivudine under non-occlusive conditions. The liposome and transfersomes prepared by thin film hydration method and ethosomes were prepared by slight modification on hot method. The Liposomal formulation (LP1) ethosomal formulation (ET2) and transfersomal (TF2) formulation showed highest entrapme...
10950
2001
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ENCAPSULATED FLOATING BEADS CONTAINING THE FAMOTIDINE AS A MODEL DRUG
The aim of this research work was to formulate and optimize a floating drug delivery system of famotidine. In the present study, preparation of famotidine floating beads, in-vitro evaluation of Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS), prediction of the release, and optimization of polymers ratio to match target release profile was investigated. An attempt was made to prepare oil entrapped floating be...
4120
1158
HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ISOFLAVONES AGLYCONE IN INDONESIAN SOYBEAN
Soybean is one of the highest isoflavones source. Isoflavones are one type of phytoestrogen that have a chemical structure similar to estradiol, that’s why it can be used not only to inhibite but also to prevent many symptoms related deficiency of estrogen. However in the small intestine, isoflavones like genistin will be hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase and produce aglycone like genistein, this pro...
3872
1264
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IN VITRO REGENERATED ROOTS OF BRYOPHYLLUM PINNATUM LAM. KURZ
In vitro antibacterial activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum (in vivo generated and in vitro regenerated roots) were analysed in this study. Traditional uses for these plants treat specific conditions or diseases. The present study examined the antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion method using Ethanolic & Methanolic extract as part of the process of understanding the chemistry, toxicity ...
4071
1367
REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS DETECTION AND NMR CHARACTERIZATION OF SITAGLIPTIN DEGRADATION RELATED IMPURITIES
The current work on impurity profiling of Sitagliptin in its bulk drugs, included development of a stability- indicating reverse-phased liquid chromatographic method and its validation for the estimation of degradation related impurities (DRIs). Sitagliptin was subjected to acid and alkaline hydrolysis, H2O2 oxidation, thermal degradation and photolysis. Acid hydrolysis and H2O2 oxidation yielded ...
3143
1331
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF PASSIFLORA INSARNATA LINN. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen dramatically over the past two decades; based on current trends, more than 360 million individuals will be having diabetes by year 2030. The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic of effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Passiflora insarnata linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rat. The pharmacological inves...
3533
1060
BIOSYNTHESIS AND BIOACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOBIOCONJUGATES FROM GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA) SEEDS AND ITS ACTIVE COMPONENT RESVERATROL
The seeds of Vitis vinifera have been shown to have antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties due to the presence of rich bioactive phenolic components like resveratrol. The research deals with the synthesis of silver nanobioconjugates from the methanolic extract of grape seeds and the pure compound resveratrol. The presence of resveratrol was confirmed by HPLC analysis in methanolic ex...
3620
1182
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HPTLC, SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA STEM POWDERS
Aim of this study was to develop a HPTLC fingerprint profiles of Tinospora cordifolia stems powdered by different procedures viz; Sample 1 (fresh aqueous powder), 2 (freeze drying powder), 3 (aqueous freeze drying powder) and Sample 4 (dry powder). The study also includes qualitative, quantitative secondary metabolites and the antioxidant potential of all the samples. Result of various physiochemi...
4656
1380
PREVALENCE OF CONTAMINATING MICROORGANISMS IN ANTI-MALARIAL DRUGS SOLD IN CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
The challenges to ensure proper preparation, storage, preservation and distribution of drugs are enormous. Very often, this results in the production and distribution of contaminated drugs. The study, therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence of contaminating microorganisms in anti-malarial drugs sold in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. This was carried out using standard microbiological pr...
3951
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