Volume 3 (2012) - Issue 7, July
Review Articles
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TECHNOLOGY: NASCENT CONTRIVANCE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
A supercritical fluid (SF) can be defined as a dense non condensable fluid. A fluid reaches the supercritical status when its temperature and pressure exceed the relevant critical temperature and pressure. At the critical point only a single phase exists which has some properties typical of liquids (density) and some of gases (viscosity, compressibility, and mass diffusion coefficient). For pharma...
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CRINUM; AN ENDLESS SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE PRINCIPLES: A REVIEW. PART 1- CRINUM ALKALOIDS: LYCORINE-TYPE ALKALOIDS
Crinum is an important Amaryllidaceous plant thanks to the valuable biological and therapeutic activities of its chemical constituents, especially alkaloids. Many Crinum species have been commonly used in traditional medicines worldwide. Long ago, they have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations. Accordingly, this work comprehensively comprises both th...
4449
2366
IN-SITU OPHTHALMIC GELS FOR THE TREATMENT OF EYE DISEASES
Topical administration of a drug in the conjunctival cul-de-sac is the treatment of choice for diseases of the anterior segment of eye. Development of ophthalmic drug delivery systems has always been challenging because of the drawbacks with this route, like non-productive absorption, drainage, induced lacrimation, tear turn over, impermeability of drugs to cornea. New approaches have been investi...
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1893
AN INSIGHT INTO OCULAR INSERT
Ocular inserts are sterile preparations, with a thin, multilayered, drug-impregnated, solid or semisolid consistency devices placed into cul-de-sac or conjunctiva sac. They are usually made up of polymeric vehicle containing drug. Ocular drug delivery is one of the most fascinating and challenging tasks being faced by the Pharmaceutical researchers. One of the major barriers of ocular medication i...
4804
1265
CHALCONE AS A VERSATILE MOIETY FOR DIVERSE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Chalcones are 1, 3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one, consist of two aromatic rings linked by a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. The chemistry of chalcones has generated intensive scientific studies throughout the world. Especially interest has been focused on the synthesis and biodynamic activities of chalcones. These are considered to be precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids. The aim...
5087
2906
APPROPRIATE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SEPSIS IN NEONATES
Neonatal sepsis is associated with increased mortality and morbidity including neurodevelopmental impairment and prolongation of hospital stay. Clinical features of sepsis are non-specific in neonates and a high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis. Antibiotics are a very important group of drugs for the sick neonate and have undoubtedly played a role in their improved survival. But...
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POSSIBLE LINKS BETWEEN OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
In this article, an attempt has been made to explore a positive correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The possible role of several important agents in causing both has been discussed in detail. From the discussion, it seems that obesity is definitely and intimately linked to type 2 diabetes....
2684
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APOPTOSIS SIGNALING; A DRUG DESIGN IN CANCER THERAPY: A REVIEW
Apoptosis plays an important role in development, growth, differentiation, altered gravity conditions, tissue homeostasis, immune defense, and cancer to control cell number in tissues and to eliminate individual cells that threaten the animal’s survival. The purposes of this review are to describe the signaling pathways and the cellular changes that occur with apoptosis. Currently, two pathways ...
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1048
A BRIEF VIEW ON ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS DELIVERY THROUGH TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is one of the systems lying under the category of controlled drug delivery, in which the aim is to deliver the drug through skin in a predetermined and controlled rate. Hypertension is one of the common disorder for the mankind. It is not a disease in itself, but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The ...
8727
2683
ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN ORAL MEDICINE
The realization that reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress play an important role in the etiology and progression of major human degenerative diseases has triggered enormous and worldwide interest in endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. The 1990’s have seen the explosion of interest in antioxidants. The article reviews free radical chemistry, antioxidant systems & their role in huma...
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2080
RECENT TECHNIQUES OF PHARMACEUTICAL SOLVENTLESS COATING: A REVIEW
The coating of solid pharmaceutical dosage forms began in the 9th century B. C., with the Egyptians. Conventional coating techniques are based on solvents or water. Solventless coatings are alternative technique of coating. In solventless coating, the coating material is directly spread on the core and then it is cured by special me...
4816
1989
TURMERIC: THE GOLDEN SPICE OF LIFE
Turmeric is an ancient spice derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae). Also known as ‘Golden Spice of India’ turmeric has been used in India for medicinal purposes for centuries. It has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases, including biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic dis...
21350
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A REVIEW ON ACACIA ARABICA – AN INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANT
The use of herbal drugs for the prevention and treatment of various health ailments has been in practice from time immemorial. Acacia arabica has been reported to be effective against a variety of disease including diabetes, skin disease and most concerning with cancer. The fresh plants parts of Acacia arabica is considered as astringent, demulcent, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti...
56874
7328
BIOLOGICAL NANOROBOT ARCHITECTURE FOR MEDICAL TARGET IDENTIFICATION
This work has an innovative approach for the development of biological nanorobots with sensors for medicine. The biological nanorobots operate in a virtual environment based on random, thermal and chemical control techniques. The biological nanorobot architecture model has biological nano bioelectronics as the basis for manufacturing integrated system devices with embedded biological nano biosenso...
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Research Articles
ANTIOXIDANT PROSPECTIVE AND SECONDARY METABOLITES IN ABUTILON INDICUM AT DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT
To investigate the antioxidant property and secondary metabolites of Abutilon indicum Plant at various Habitats were compared with those of relevant callus cultures induced from every explant in in-vitro. The callus cultures were effectively initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (1 mg/L) pooled with different concentrations (0.1–1.0 mg/L) of kinetin as plant growt...
3554
1272
ANALGESIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF PTEROCARPUS SANTALINOIDES- FAMILY FABACEA
Pterocarpus santalinoides, family- Fabaceae was claimed to have analgesic properties. The people of Ogidi in Idemili North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria used it in the management of aches and pains. This study is therefore aimed at determining this claim of the activities of Pterocarpus santalinoides using the leaves which will serve as a criterion to recommend the ethno pharmaco...
3811
1669
SPHERICAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF ZALTOPROFEN FOR ENHANCEMENT OF MICROMERITIC PROPERTIES AND DISSOLUTION RATE
The present work deals with the spherical crystallization process by Spherical agglomeration method applied to Zaltoprofen, a novel NSAID drug. The object of present study was to prepare and characterize the spherical agglomeration of water insoluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Zaltoprofen spherical agglomerates prepared with poly ethylene glycol, which is hydrophilic polymer by using si...
3234
1468
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF ARECA CATECHU
Context: The present investigation provides proof for the effectiveness of Arecanut extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. Arecanut extract is a natural plant product mimic of peroxidase. Objective: To explore the Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Areca catechu L in carrageenan, dextran and formalin induced inflammation models in Swiss albino mice, by injection into the interdigi...
3054
963
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME SELECTED INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re-emerging infectious diseases. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. In the present scenario of emergence of...
12422
1712
IRON OVERLOAD AND GROWTH OF THALASSEMIC PATIENTS IN MARWAR REGION
Growth disturbances are a major clinical feature of thalassemic patients. Regular blood transfusions and iron-chelation therapy greatly contribute to the quality and longevity of thalassemic patients. The main objective of present study was to compare the current growth of Thalassemia major patients, taking into accounts the iron overload, transfusion and iron chelation therapy, therefore we plann...
3320
1161
IN-SILICO ANALYSIS AND HOMOLOGY MODELING OF TARGET PROTEINS FOR CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM
The completion of genome sequences of pathogenic bacteria and the completion of human genome project has provided lot amount of data that can be utilized to design vaccines and drug targets. Recently adopting strategies for drug designing is based on comparative genomics approach, it gives a set of genes that are likely to be essential to the pathogen but absent in the host. By performing homology...
3134
1070
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION PRESCRIBING PATTERNS IN A UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH DELHI
ABSTRACT Study objective: To investigate the use of antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients and to identify whether such pattern of prescription is appropriate in accordance with international guidelines for management of hypertension. Methods: This was a prospective analysis. A prescription based survey among patients with established hypertension was conducted at the Me...
3990
1240
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL ANTHRAQUINONES OF VISMIA GUIANENSIS (AUBL.) CHOISY
Vismia guianensis is a plant species of high occurrence in the Amazon and northeastern Brazil, which has been studied lately, because of its antimicrobial and anticancer properties.In order to make an herbal medicine, National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance of Brazil, recommends the production of a drug and plant extracts analysis report indicating: method, specifications and results obtained. T...
3909
1060
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ALPINIA PURPURATA
Plants containing bioactive substances have increasingly become the object of research studies, opening alternative paths for therapeutic treatments or revealing substances that could later be explored and synthesized to produce pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agrochemical formulations. Alpinia purpurata have strong effect on H2O2 induced oxidative damages. The extract of Alpinia purpurata showed a h...
4349
1728
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL PROFILE OF PAEDERIA FOETIDA LINN. LEAVES
The leaves of Paederia foetida Linn. (P. foetida) are commonly known as skunk vine or Chinese fever vine, are used for various ailments medicinally throughout Asia and other tropical parts of the world by traditional healers. The plant is mainly used for arthritis and rheumatic disorders. The whole plant shows tonic, astringent and antiphlogistic actions and has been used in tenesmus. This prese...
3130
1197
INFLUENCE OF RIPENING ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES IN PRUNUS ARMANIACA LINN.
Cell wall polysaccharides have been of great importance to society and mankind over the years. In the present study Cell wall polysaccharides were extracted from different stages viz- Immature green, mature green and ripe stages of Prunus armaniaca Linn. A decrease in the yield of pectin was observed during ripening.The pectin Extracted from various stages of fruit ripening was further analysed fo...
2483
1355
SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF RUTIN AND ISOQUERCITRIN FROM JASMINUM SAMBAC AIT., BY HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
A normal phase high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitative determination of two flavonoids viz. rutin and isoquercitrin from dried leaf powder of Jasminum sambac Ait. The analysis was performed on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254. Linear ascending development was carried out in a twin-trough glass ch...
4695
1720
SEARCH FOR ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALS FROM SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS
Seeds of Simmondsia chinensis were extracted with pet ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water for evaluating its antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis. The purpose of screening is to justify, authenticate the use of Indian Medicinal plants in ethnomedicinal or folklore as traditional treasure to cure various ailments. In present investigations attempts w...
4043
1169
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL BY SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
The present research work was aimed at the enhancement of solubility of Candesartan by Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS). Candesartan is a BCS class II drug having low aqueous solubility and high permeability; hence its bioavailability is solubility rate limited. The saturated solubility of Candesartan in various oils and surfactants was determined. The excipients were screened and se...
4641
1778
CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF PLUMERIA ACUMINATA AND GALEGA PURPUREA IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
The use of medicinal plants and preparations derived from them as dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, functional foods and herbal medicinal products has become more widely accepted in developing countries. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the adverse effects of these plants and their preparations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of the methanol extracts Plumeria acumi...
3688
1281
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF PARINARI CURATELLIFOLIA (STEM) ON DENTAL CARIES CAUSING MICROBES
Antimicrobial activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Parinari curatellifolia (stem) were tested against five dental carries causing bacteria and three fungi strains by agar diffusion method. The crude extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity inhibiting the five strains of bacteria and the three fungi. The extracts were most effective against Aspergilusflavus, followed by Str...
2829
954
INCIDENCE OF POLYPHARMACY INDUCED DRUG INTERACTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Drug interaction represents a major problem in day- to- day practice. The incidence of adverse reactions increases almost exponentially as the number of drugs co prescribed rises, and this is in part due to interaction. Critically ill, chronically ill and elderly patients are particularly at risk of drug interactions due to polypharmacy as well as impaired homeostatic mechanisms. The study was aim...
2921
1010
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF STEM BARK OF FICUS SP. ON MULTIDRUG RESISTANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts of bioactive constituents. Ficus is a huge tropical deciduous or evergreen tree with more than 800 species. Purpose: Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus recemosa are important ingredients in many siddha, ayurveda and traditional formulations and used f...
3613
1987
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF BRIDELIA FERRUGINEA AND PTELEOPSIS SUBEROSA
The antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methylene chloride, methanol and hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Bridelia ferruginea and sterm bark of Pteleopsis suberosa were investigated against six Gram Positive and Gram negative strains bacteria and six species of Aspergilus. The antimicrobial activity was investigatedby the microtest method using p-iodonitr...
3905
1456
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF MOXIFLOXACIN HCl AND BROMFENAC SODIUM IN EYE DROPS BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial and Bromfenac Sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The combination formulation is used for the treatment of the reduction of post operative inflammatory conditions of the eye. Three new, simple, accurate and precise UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Moxifl...
4534
1741
ETHANOBOTANICAL AND CURRENT ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA LINN: AN OVERVIEW
Argemone mexicana isan indigenous herb commonly known as Prickly poppy. It belongs to the family Papaveraceae. Argemone mexicana is noted to possess medicinal benefits in traditional system of medicine. During last few decades, there has been increasing interest in the study of medicinal properties of this plant and it is reported for Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective a...
4435
1457
STORAGE OF WORKING STANDARDS IN POLYPROPYLENE CONTAINERS, ITS EFFECT, CONTAMINANTS AND IMPACT ON ANALYSIS ON LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROSCOPY
Authorspropose a method to determine the contamination caused during the storage of colchicine stock solution, which will be helpful for the bioanalytical scientists. The process of identification of impurities, exceptionally in this case, started from the point of optimization of the compound, where in the parent ion was not detected and instead an unknown mass is being interpreted by the detecto...
2442
1024
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF N-HEXANE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF NAPOLEONEAE IMPERIALIS FAMILY LECYTHIACEAE
Napoleonaea imperialis is used to treat wounds in most parts of Nigeria. Against this background, N-hexane extract of the leaves were screened against some microorganisms to ascertain this claim and to recommend it for further investigation for possible inclusion into official compendium. The plant leaves were dried, powdered and extracted by cold maceration with N-hexane for 24hours. Phytochemica...
2701
1145
DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ABACAVIR AND LAMIVUDINE IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING MULTICOMPONENT MODE
A simple, accurate, precise, economical analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of abacavir and lamivudine in pure bulk drug and in combined tablet dosage form by UV spectrophotometry in multicomponent mode. The standard solutions of abacavir and lamivudine in mixture of acetonitrile and methanol were diluted with distilled water individually to get the concentration o...
2545
1301
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VITAMINS B1, B2 AND B6 IN MULTIVITAMIN TABLET AND BIOLOGICAL FLUID BY RP-HPLC
Multivitamin tablets containing various substances of varying characteristics may have a problem in quantitative analysis. This research has developed HPLC method for simultaneous determination of three vitamin components that is thiamine (Vit. B1), riboflavin (Vit. B2) and pyridoxine (Vit. B3) in tablet formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a C-18 column with dimension...
5555
1423
INVESTIGATION ON THE IMPACT OF CORE AND BARRIER LAYER COMPOSITION ON THE DRUG RELEASE FROM A TRIPLE LAYER TABLET
In this study, Monolayer matrix (MLM) tablet and triple layer matrix (TLM) tablet formulation of metoprolol succinate were fabricated by using Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and Polymethacrylates (Eudragit) as the matrix forming agent in both the tablet core layer and barrier layers. The prepared tablets were analyzed for their drug content and in-vitro drug release studies. In-vitro evaluation a...
2731
1130
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROCRYSTALLINE TAPIOCA STARCH AS A FILLER-BINDER FOR DIRECT COMPRESSION
Tapioca starch (NTS) was modified physically at molecular level by annealing and subsequently subjected to enzyme hydrolysis to obtain a more functional filler-binder “microcrystalline tapioca starch (MCTS)”. NTS was extracted from cassava tuber (Mannihot esculenta cranzt) using a standard method. The powder suspensions were prepared in concentration of 40 %w/w in five separate conical flasks....
3418
1537
DRUG USE EVALUATION OF CEFTRIAXONE: THE CASE OF AYDER REFERRAL HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA
Assessment of antimicrobial use can be performed by evaluating their use. Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that focuses on evaluation and improvement of drug use processes to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rational use of ceftriaxone in Ayder referral Hospital, Mekelle-Ethiopia. Retrospective cross sectional study was used...
5751
2623
EVALUATION OF MURRAYA EXTRACTS FOR CONTROLLING FUNGI GROWTH ON ZAPOTA THROUGH ESTIMATION STUDIES
Medicinal plants are various plants which are used in herbalism having medicinal properties. Few plants or their phytochemical constituents have been proven to have medicinal effects by rigorous science or have been approved by regulatory agencies. Shade dried leaves of Murraya koenigii was extracted using successive solvent extraction method using ethanol, chloroform and aqueous. Qualitative ph...
2872
1040
DIURETIC AND NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF FRUITS OF FRAGARIA VESCA LINN.
Diuretic activity and nephroprotective activity of different extracts of fruits of fragaria vesca in rat was studied. The study suggested that the extracts have good diuretic property. Diuretic study was carried out as per Lipschitz method. Where successive aqueous, ethonolic and petroleum extracts were studied for diuretic activity. The 6 hrs acute study of successive aqueous, ethonolic extracts ...
4100
1538
TORSION OF FALLOPIAN TUBE, FIMBRIAL CYST: A RARE CASE REPORT
Fallopian tube torsion or fimbrial cyst torsion is rare, therefore diagnosis may be delayed. Isolated twisting of fallopian tubes is an uncommon event. The frequency is 1/1,500,000 women. Right fallopian tube is most commonly affected. The condition is frequently misdiagnosed with acute appendicitis or ovarian torsion. The torsion of fallopian tube and para-ovarian cyst is usually seen in reproduc...
3847
1126
ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS METAL IONS IN SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Metal ions such as iron , lead, copper, nickel, cadmium , chromium and zinc were investigated in medicinally important plants Alstonia scholaris, Tabernaemontana coronariae, Asparagus racemosus, Mimosa pudica, Leucas aspera and Adhatoda vasica applying atomic absorption spectrophotometer techniques. The purpose of this study was to standardize various metal ion Contamination in indigenous me...
2602
2044
QUANTIFICATION OF GALLIC ACID AND ELLAGIC ACID IN ARJUNARISHTA BY VALIDTAED HPTLC DENSITOMETRY
Arjunarishta, also known as Parthadhyarishta, is a polyherbal hydro alcoholic formulation and is advised as a choice of remedy in cardiovascular disorders. A simple, precise and accurate HPTLC method has been established for the determination of quercetin and rutin in Arjunarishta–T and Arjunarishta-M prepared by traditional and modern methods respectively and also in its marketed formulation. T...
4340
1853
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF RUBIA CORDIFOLIA AGAINST LEAD TOXICITY
To evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of alcoholic extract of the roots of Rubia cordifolia (RC). Male mice, were exposed, either to a diet containing 40mg/kg body weight of Pb nitrate or combined with Rubia cordifolia for the first period of 40 days, where the animals were sacrificed for oxidative studies. Ingestion of Pb (NO3)2 was significantly decreased RBC count, WBC count, Hb level ...
3674
1613
ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SONNERATIA ALBA BARK
The present study was undertaken to evaluate antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of Sonneratia alba bark. The carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble partitionate of methanolic extract and crude methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant property using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pecrylhydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging assay ,of which chloroform partitionate and crude extract demonstrated hig...
3731
1551
IN VITRO EFFECT OF MITRAGYNINE (A MAJOR ALKALOID OF MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA KORTH) ON AMINOPYRINE METABOLISM IN RAT HEPATOCYTES
Mitragyna speciosa Korth. is a member of the Rubiaceae family. More than 25 alkaloids have been isolated from Mitragyna speciosa. Mitragynine is the major alkaloid of this plant and is responsible for antinociceptive action. No single study is available about the effect of mitragynine on aminopyrine N-demethylase activity in rat hepatocytes. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of mi...
5393
1260
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BINUCLEAR Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) AND Zn(II) COMPLEXES WITH SCHIFF BASE (E)-4-[(HYDROXYL PHENYLIMINO)METHYL]BENZENE-1, 2-DIOL
Schiff base ligand (E)-4-[(hydroxyl phenylimino)methyl]benzene-1, 2-diol (H3L) was prepared from the condensation reaction of Protochatechu aldehyde (3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldhyde) with 2-amino phenol. From the direct reaction of the ligand (H3L) with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) chlorides and Fe(III) and Zn(II) nitrates in 2M:1L molar ratio, the five new neutral complexes were prepared. The characteriza...
2972
1447
A FACTORIAL STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE OF LORNOXICAM EMPLOYING HP-β-CYCLODEXTRIN AND SURFACTANTS
Lornoxicam, a widely prescribed anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug belongs to class II under BCS and exhibit low and variable oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility. It is practically insoluble in water and aqueous fluids. As such its oral absorption is dissolution rate limited and it requires enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate for increasing its oral bioavailability...
7122
1421
SEPARATION AND ESTIMATION OF COMPONENTS PRESENT IN EMBLICA OFFICINALIS: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON ALLERGIC REACTIONS
Indian Gooseberry, Emblica officinalis is a, fruit widely accepted in Kerala for its medicinal & nutritive values. The fruit has dark green colored spherical seed surrounded by pale green colored tissue. Different varieties of food products, pickles being the major one, are used all over the world .The present work on gooseberry originated from a real medical case history. The medical reports ...
3088
948
IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF HYDROMETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. FRUITS
Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Family: Oxalidiaceae) is a medicinal plant which is extensively used in traditional medicine to cure cough, cold, itches, boils, rheumatism, syphilis, diabetes, whooping cough, and hypertension. In this study, hydromethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruits was examined for its antioxidant action using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and total antioxid...
7058
1709
SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL STUDY OF 2-(4-{[(SUBSTITUTEDPHENYL)IMINO]METHYL}PHENOXY)ACETO HYDRAZIDE
Heterocyclic Compounds having a valuable place in a Heterocyclic Chemistry and Heterocyclic Compounds having an excellent properties such as drugs, dyes etc, These compounds shows anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive etc. properties. In present investigation, we have prepared 2-4-{[(substitutedphenyl)imino]methyl} phenoxy)acetohydrazide f...
2425
1212
EVALUATION OF ANTIVENOM ACTIVITY OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA PLANT EXTRACT AGAINST VIPERA RUSSELLI SNAKE VENOM
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Calotropis gigantea is usedtraditionally to treat common diseases such as fever, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, cold, eczema, asthma, elephantiasis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, either alone or with other medicines Aim of the study: To evaluate the antivenom activity of Calotropis gigantea plantextract against Vipera russelli snake venom Mate...
5701
1757
EFFECT OF EUGENOL EMULSION ON SHELF LIFE OF GRAPES AND STRAWBERRY
In present study, eugenol (major functional component of essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), at 2% level (v/v) was incorporated in peanut oil based coating to get antimicrobial emulsion. Eugenol emulsion thus prepared was applied on grapes and strawberries. After applying emulsion, reference fruits were kept in corrugated fiber boxes for 8 days for shelf life studies under ambient condit...
2983
987
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DOT AND SAT IN RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A TWO YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Directly observed therapy (DOT) of tuberculosis patients talking their drugs is supposed to improve treatment completion and outcome .we compared DOT and Self Administered therapy (SAT), in which patients on the same drug regimen are not, observed taking their pills, to assess the effect of each on the success of tuberculosis treatment. This was the two year (2010 and 2011) retrospective study of ...
2373
1049
STUDIES ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION IN A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM BY A MUTANT ASPERGILLUS NIGER AB1801
An experimental study was carried out to examine the biochemical changes in the fermentation broth during citric acid production by a mutant Aspergillus niger AB1801. The production of citric acid was increased upto 8th day of fermentation, and then declined. pH decreased continuously, dry cell weight followed continuous increment pattern. Amino nitrogen and urea nitrogen decreased gradually, but ...
2436
1088
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LEAVES OF BARLERIA PRIONITIS (L.)
The Barleria prionitis Lin. (Acanthaceae), known as Vajradanti & Porcupine flower, is widely used in traditional medicine. According to survey, any report was not available on microscopic and physicochemical properties of Barleria prionitis Lin. The present study deals with Pharmacognostical examination and physicochemical constant of Barleria prionitis Lin. leaf. The leaf has antiseptic prope...
3008
1802
PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L. STEM
Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) is a common perennial climber also called Asthisamhara meaning bone setter is prescribed both in Ayurveda as well as Unani systems for its medicinal use. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis stem revealed a stomatal index of 151 with Stephanocytic stomata in the epidermal peeling. The anatomical section of the stem showed deposits of characteris...
4112
1377
SIMPLE AND SENSITIVE VALIDATED REVERSE PHASE HPLC-UV METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LYMECYCLINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
A Simple, Sensitive, Precise, and specific reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of lymecycline in pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a PLRP-S (250×4.6 mm), 8.0 µm make: Varian column with a 11.5:10:20:1:57.5 mixture of 2-Methyl-2-propanol,3.5% w/v di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.0% w/v Te...
3764
1872
VALIDATION OF CLEANING PROCEDURE FOR ELIMINATION OF OFLOXACIN AND METRONIDAZOLE BENZOATE FROM MIXING EQUIPMENT BY USING UV SPECTROSCOPY
This research manuscript describes simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and repeatable UV spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of Metronidazole (MET) and Ofloxacin (OFL) in suspension dosage form). Metronidazole has absorbance maxima at 318.0 nm and Ofloxacin has absorbance maxima at 294 nm in Methanol and Water (50:50) solvent. The linearity was obtained in the concentration ra...
4235
1836
PROCESS VALIDATION OF SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE TABLETS
Process Validation is a very common term in the pharmaceutical industry. But it involves series of activities carried out in order to have the assurance that the desired quality products are manufactured. The manufacturing process need to be controlled and for this one should have sound knowledge and understanding regarding the process as well as the product. Each and every step should be scientif...
3095
1176
DEVELOPMENT OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF RITONAVIR AND LOPINAVIR IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM
A simple, accurate, precise analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ritonavir and lopinavir in pure bulk drug and in combined tablet dosage form by UV spectrophotometry by first order derivative method. The standard solutions of ritonavir and lopinavir were prepared in acetonitrile followed by further required with the same solvent. The solution containing ritonav...
3214
1338
VOLTAMMETRIC DETERMINATION OF OLOPATADINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK DRUG FORM AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
The voltammetric behavior of olopatadine was investigated at hanging mercury drop electrode using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The drug under study exhibited a single, well-defined reduction peak owing to the reduction of carbon-carbon double bond. The electrode and reaction conditions which yielded maximum peak current were established using differential pulse voltammetr...
2549
976
SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE CELECOXIB FOR PARENTERAL FORMULATIONS
Celecoxib, a diaryl substituted pyrazole, is practically insoluble in water which precludes its use in parenteral and liquid dosage forms. This study explores the solubility enhancement of celecoxib using hydrotropy and cosolvency solubilization approaches. The equilibrium solubility studies were performed using hydrotropes piperazine, sodium citrate, and urea and cosolvents PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG ...
10581
1692
EFFECT OF LUMINAL pH CHANGES ON GUAR GUM-HPMC E15 LV MIXED MATRIX TABLETS FOR MESALAMINE DRUG DELIVERY TO COLON AND STUDY ON IN- VITRO CHARACTERISTICS IN TWO DIFFERENT DISSOLUTION MODELS vs. MARKETED FORMULATION
The study was designed to investigate the impact of colonic pH changes on formulated colon targeted Mesalamine matrix tablets in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mesalamine tablets were fabricated with guar gum as Polymer system. The different batches of Mesalamine tablets (GMM1-GMM6) were compressed with increasing proportion of guar gum and HPMC E15 LV. The different buffer con...
3641
1121
STUDY OF PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN THE PAEDIATRIC WARDS AT TERTIARY TEACHING CARE HOSPITAL, GUJARAT
Background: Prescription of drugs, which needs to be continuously assessed and refined according to disease progression. It not only reflects the physician’s knowledge about drugs but also his/her skill in diagnose and attitude towards selecting the most appropriate cost-effective treatment. Antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in hospital. As per literature, they account ...
3593
1224