Volume 3 (2012) - Issue 11, November
Review Articles
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR) AND MECHANISMS FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION (IPP): A REVIEW
We have experienced a growing importance of intellectual capital and intangible assets and an increased tendency for firms and public institutions to privatize, by the use of patents or copyrights, their knowledge assets and creative expressions. Because control over the use of an intellectual property right (IPR) requires ownership or a licence, the growing importance of knowledge-based assets an...
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COUNTERFEIT (FAKE) DRUGS & NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY IT IN INDIA
A counterfeit medicine is one which is deliberately and fraudulently mislabeled with respect to identity or source. Counterfeiting apply to both branded and generic product which include products with the wrong ingredients, without active ingredients, with insufficient active ingredients. According to WHO, 25% of medicines consumed in poor countries could be counterfeit or below standard.An estima...
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1728
PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS TO BE EVALUATED FOR SELECTED LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINs IN BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDIES Chaitanya Gadiko*, Satyanarayana Thota and Sudhakar K. Tippabotla Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Integrated Product Development, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad-500 090, Andhra Pradesh, India
Bioequivalence needs to be established on healthy human volunteers for Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) such as Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Tinzaparin and Fondaparinux using Pharmacodynamic marker(s) for generic approval. Anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity are used to determine the activity of LMWHs (Dalteparin, Enoxaparin and Tinzaparin) and anti-Xa activity for Fondaparinux in biological samples for...
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A BRIEF PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF TYLOPHORA INDICA- AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT
Tylophora indica is an important medicinal plant from the repository of valuable plant species of Indian subcontinent. The plant has a long reputation in curing various health ailments including asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and other respiratory problems. Due to its vast medicinal importance, the plant is exploited on a large scale and its uncontrolled and unmonitored harvesting from the wild ha...
6030
1585
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF OXALIS CORNICULATA LINN.: A REVIEW
Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for treatment and management of different diseases. The plant Oxalis corniculata Linn. has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. β-sitosterol, betulin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl gallate, methoxyflavones, apigenin, and 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were pre...
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3834
CHRONOTHERAPEUTICS IN DEVELOPMENT OF PULSATILE DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Many therapeutic agents are most effective when made available at constant rates, near the absorption sites or at the correct time of administration. Pulsatile drug delivery system is the most interesting time-specific and site-specific system. This system is designed for chronopharmacotherapy which is based on circadian rhythm. Recently a greater effort has been taken in designing delivery system...
3192
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VARIOUS PHARMACEUTICALS INCLUDING DRUGS AND INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS
This review describes the potential and, in particular, some relevant hazards associated with the use of veterinary drugs, various pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals that have produced serious environmental risks and affected the life of people along with other animals by posing great health risks. Risk analysis regarding these problems has also been discussed with the measures to handle the...
4776
1279
ROLE OF MELT EXTRUSION IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF BIOAVAILABILITY
Starting from plastic industry, today melt extrusion has found its place in the array of pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Melt extrusion processes are currently applied in the pharmaceutical field for the formulation of variety of dosage forms such as granules, pellets, tablets, implants, transdermal systems & ophthalmic inserts. This technology represents an efficient pathway for incre...
4360
1141
BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MICROALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA: UTILITY AND APPLICATIONS
Microalgae and Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes used as food by humans. They have gained a lot of attention in recent years because of their potential applications in biotechnology. They have also been recognized as an excellent source of vitamins and proteins and as such are found in health food stores throughout the world. They are reported to be a source of fine c...
8623
3133
USE OF TRANSDERMAL GEL OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE IN SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
Premature Ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common forms of Sexual Dysfunction and is thought to affect up to 30 % of men. This is the most frequently encountered sexual complaint of men and couples. The physical problem associated with premature ejaculation can be simply described as “over-sensitivity” of the penis. Psychological causes of PE are often associated with “performance anxie...
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GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF GUILLIAIN BARRE SYNDROME
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare but important disease that can lead to life threatening respiratory failure. This review summarises the verified consideration of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) which are thought to be caused by direct autoimmune attack on peripheral nerves. Aim- Nerve conduction study helps differentiate the heterogeneous subtypes of GBS. Patients exhibit a progressive paralysis...
2935
1151
STATINS IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women. PCOS varies from a mild menstrual disorder to severe disturbance of reproductive and metabolic functions. Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors with intrinsic antioxidant properties, exert profound and broad-reaching effects on various types of tissues. By blocking an early step of th...
2764
998
A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ARECA CATECHU L. SEED
Arecanut seed has been used for medicinal properties more than 2000 years in South Asian countries. In fact, various pharmacological activities have been found in the arecanut seed extract or its constituents. Prevention of oxidative stress induced diseases is an urgent problem in all over the world. Traditional use of the plant for medicinal properties is to be documented for their possible use a...
14914
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HISTAMINE BIOSENSOR: A REVIEW
Some biogenic amine like Histamine, cadaverine and putrescine have been confirmed as useful chemical indicators to estimate bacterial spoilage of foods, particularly fish and fish products, cheese, meat and fermented foods. Histamine is toxic at high intakes, while cadaverine and putrescine potentiate the effects of Histamine. Histamine has regulated level of 200 mg/kg (200 ppm). Basic princ...
6751
1583
MACORVIS – A NEW OPPORTUNITY FOR ADDITION TO THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Standartizated plants extracts are new opportunity in addition with standard therapy. Hawthorn extract, Tribulus terrestris extract and magnesium gluconate are forming well balanced nutritional supplement that could benefits people with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. All three substances are well known in the common herbal medicine in our country and abroad. Their mechanisms’ of actions i...
2624
1118
REVIEW ON ALTERNATIVE THERAPY IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE
The phrase alternative therapy is used to explain a wide range of treatments which, generally, are not available from conventional doctors. It may be diverse for different diseases. The Alternative therapy focuses on the many things from diet to exercise and lifestyle. Many people suffering from disease are looking for the management of diseases with the help of alternative therapies. Accordin...
4668
1390
HYPHENATED TECHNIQUE- A BOON TO ANALYTICAL WORLD
Traditional analytical approaches including HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph), GC (Gas Chromatograph), UV (Ultraviolet) detection, etc., have become insufficient to effectively handle the growing number of challenges in analyses of species- specificity and sensitivity. Modern analytical technique referred to as hyphenated techniques, originate from the traditional use of molecule or ele...
11958
3411
RECENT APPROACHES IN SELF EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Self emulsifying is a topic of current interest for overcoming the formulation difficulties of drugs with poor aqueous solubility. SEDDS are isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant with a unique ability to form fine oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions or micro emulsions upon mild agitation in the gastrointestinal tract which present the drug in a solubilized form, and the small size of for...
4257
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Research Articles
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANS IN MICE
Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (Family: Acanthaceae) has attracted public interest recently due to its high medicinal values for the treatment of cancer, inflammation and various skin problems. This study was aimed to determine the oral LD50 value of the methanol leaves extract of C. nutans and identify the targeted organs in mice. This acute oral toxicity study was conducted in accordance to OECD 423...
5015
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NUTRITION STATUS AND MAJOR RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN TIGRAY, NORTH ETHIOPIA; A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Introduction: - The nutritionalstatusand health outcome of older persons in low-income countries including Ethiopia is inadequately documented. Logistical difficulties and the absence of simple, easy-to-handle assessment instruments and data-collection problems in this environment are evident. As a result, nutritional data for older adults are inadequate. The scanty, mainly hospital-based, data th...
3457
1390
GC/MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIETHYL ETHER FRACTION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE STEM BARK OF ANNONA SENEGALENSIS PERS.
The Diethyl ether fraction of the Methanolic extract of Annona senegalensis (Pers) stem bark was prepared in yield of (0.16%). Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of the fraction resulted in the identification of two spots with antimicrobial activity. Subsequent GC/MS analysis of these spots resulted in the identification of ten components (spot one) and fourteen components (spot two). ...
3852
1804
DIABETES SELF CARE PRACTICES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN TIKUR ANBESSA SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that affect the body’s ability to process and use sugar (glucose) for energy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. The success of long-term maintenance therapy for diabetes depends largely on the patients’ adherence with self-care practices. Objective:...
5756
3151
IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY STUDIES OF TUBER AND SEED EXTRACTS OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA LINN. AGAINST SOME SELECTED HUMAN PATHOGEN
The present study deals with the antibacterial activity of Acetone, Dichloromethane, methanol extracts of the tuber and seed of Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae) using disc diffusion method against human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeurognisoa, Staphylocuccus aureus. In the present investigation all the extracts were found to be effectiv...
2553
995
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF AQUA FORM OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA SEED IN RATS
The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the Caesalpinia bonducella in animals. The analgesic action was evaluated in rats using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and the hot-plate test. The anti-inflammatory activity was estimated using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Caesalpinia bonducella strikingly and dose-dependently suppressed c...
3111
1240
A SHORT PERIOD STUDY ON VELLORE ENRICHED SOILS – A SOURCE FOR POTENTIAL MICROBIAL ENZYMES WHICH DEGRADES THE WASTE GENERATED FROM VARIOUS INDUSTRIES AND BYPRODUCTS CAN BE USED IN PHARMACEUTICALS
Waste is anything, which is not used by any owner, producer and processor, even though it has always been a part of the earth’s ecosystem. Enriched Soil is a good source for the isolation of power full and potential microorganisms which produces specific enzymes which target the waste and in turn produces pharmacologically viable products; Microbes hold this prominent position because of their d...
2737
1110
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF ANALGESIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF BIS (INDOLYL) METHANES (BIMs)
Gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity is the common adverse effect which has been associated with most of NSAIDs available in the market. So the search for new therapeutic agents with high margin of safety and freedom from normally associated GI toxic effects has been a priority of pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. There are virtually limitless series of structurally novel heterocyclic comp...
2883
1221
THE EFFECT OF FORMULA TO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOUND HEALING GEL OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN) STEENIS)
Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) has been used as wound healing in traditional Indonesian medicine and it is relevant to develop dosage forms of binahong using formulation technology approach. The aim of this research was to find out wound healing gel formula of ethanolic extract of binahong. The factorial design method 3 factors and 2 levels were employed to achieve this study. Three ...
3348
2009
INVESTIGATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MESUA FERREA L. SEED OIL
The paper describes the in-vitro antioxidant activity of seed oil extracted from seeds of Mesua ferrea L. The plant extract has been found to possess various pharmacological activities which have been proved scientifically based on the ethnomedical data. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of M. ferrea seed oil (MFSO) was evaluated. The EC50 values of free radical scavenging activity (10.25 µg/ml...
2842
1301
PHARMACOGNOSTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF STEM AND ROOT OF ADHATODA ZEYLANICA MEDICUS
Adhatoda zeylanica Medicus is a well-known plant drug in Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, Allopathic, Homeopathic, Naturopathic & Home Remedies. The present communication deals with the pharmacognostic evaluation on the stem and root of Adhatoda zeylanica Medicus (Acanthaceae). Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the different organ, observations, and differential microchemical test has...
2849
2278
A VALIDATED RP- HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PARACETAMOL AND NAPROXEN IN TABLET FORMULATION
The study describes a validated reverse-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of paracetamol and naproxen in bulk and in tablet formulation. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilizes Eclipse XDB C18 column (150 ×4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm), optimum mobile phase consisted of gradient run of initial ratio of water (pH-2.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid): acetonitrile (87:13) with the effluent fl...
4684
1987
EVALUATION OF THE ANTI-AMYLOIDOGENIC POTENTIAL OF NOOTROPIC HERBAL EXTRACTS IN VITRO
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal aggregation of amyloid ß (Aß) peptide into insoluble fibrils called amyloid plaques. Preventing this process of fibrillization may offer effective therapy for treatment of AD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of methanolic extracts of 13 plant species which are known to be brain boosters in Ayurvedic system of m...
3478
1464
EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN.
Development of anthelmintic resistance and high cost of conventional anthelmintic drugs lead to the evaluation of medicinal plants which acts as an alternative source of anthelmintics. The present study has been undertaken to perform the evaluation of anthelmintic activity of Plumbago zeylanica belonging to family Plumbaginaceae. In the current study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the pos...
5355
1544
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF SOME NOVEL SEMICARBAZONE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING QUINOXALINE MOIETY
Various 1-(substituted benzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyquinoxaline-2-yl) carbonohydrazide were synthesized starting from orthophenylenediamine. Structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of spectral analyses. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for anticonvulsant activity. Some of the compounds showed significant anticonvulsant activity with no neurotoxicity....
3432
1070
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS OF OFLOXACIN
Ofloxacin is a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class considered to be a second-generation fluoroquinolone. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely variable process and ability to prolong and control the emptying time is a valuable asset for dosage forms, which reside in the stomach for a longer period of time than conventional dosage forms. Several diffic...
7654
2307
BRINE SHRIM LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF METHANOLIC CRUDE EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA
The aim of this work is to determine the cytotoxic activities of Terminalia arjuna (Family: Combretaceae) by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The leaves of Terminalia arjuna were extracted with methanol and the methanolic extract was fractionated into three fractions by using organic solvents like n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform soluble fractions ...
3117
1031
UV DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF METAXALONE AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
A Simple, Fast and Reliable UV Derivative Spectrophotometric Method was developed and Quantitative Estimation of Metaxalone and Diclofenac potassium in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form was carried out using the First Derivative values measured at 276 nm for Metaxalone and 270 nm for Diclofenac potassium. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentr...
4044
1368
PREPARATION AND IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF NATEGLINIDE
Gastric residence time of oral controlled release system such as microspheres is increase by different techniques such as floating and mucoadhesive system. The objective of present investigation was to formulate floating microspheres of Nateglinide in order to increase gastric residence time, increased bioavailability and to reduce dose frequency of drug molecule. Novel o/w emulsion solvent diffus...
3080
1305
MUCOADHESIVE MICROPARTICLES OF CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN FOR SITE SPECIFIC DELIVERY OF PANTOPRAZOLE: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION
Carboxymethyl chitosan, a water soluble modified carboxymethyl substituted chitosan derivative have distinct and unique properties, rendering them effective to form selective permeable mucoadhesive film or membranes. In the formulation of chitosan microsphere an acidic environment is essentially required that may degrade acid sensitive moiety, peptide or protein drugs. Mucoadhesive microparticle o...
2890
1182
INVESTIGATION FOR POTENTIAL EFFECT OF NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ASTHMA
Aim of study: In this study, we investigate the potential effect of Nyctanthes arbortristis leaf extract in experimentally induced asthma in rats. The leaf has shown the prominent effect against the inflammation. Materials and methods: Asthma was induced experimentally in rats using Sephadex and in another model croton oil was applied on ear of rats; this model also mimics the biological event ...
2874
970
EVALUATION OF GASTRIC ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF TRICHOSANTHES DIOICA ROXB. LEAVES
Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (family: Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as “Sespadula” in English and “Parwal” in Hindi and is widely grown throughout India. The leaves of this plant have also been used in traditional system of medicine for overcoming problems like constipation, fever, skin infection, wound healing and also in gastric ulcer. In the present study Aqueous extract of leaves of Tric...
3341
1386
ISOLATION OF ENDOPHYTIC ACTINOMYCETES FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ITS MUTATIONAL EFFECT IN BIOCONTROL ACTIVITY
In the present study, the endophytic actinomycetes were collected from three medicinal plants Azadiracta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Phyllanthus amarus. Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated using different media like Starch casein agar, Starch casein nitrate agar, Actinomycetes isolation agar and Soyabean agar, while it showed more colonies in Starch casein agar. The endophytic actinomycetes were...
4843
1751
IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CAESALPINIA PULCHERIMA
The aim of this research was to investigate cytotoxic effects of crude extracts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Family: Fabaceae). The flower of Caesalpinia pulcherrima was extracted with methanol and methanolic extract was fractionated into three fractions like n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The methanolic crude extracts were screened for cytotoxic properties using brine shrimp lethality bio...
3016
927
QSAR STUDIES & DESIGNING OF POTENT HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AS γ-SECRETASE INHIBITORS
Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) studies ware performed on series of structurally similar heterocyclic sulfonamide with enzyme gamma secretase inhibitor activity. The compounds were divided into training and test set and generated different QSAR models using V-Life MDS 3.5 software multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Best QSAR models were selected on the basis of various st...
7073
1399
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DEGRADATION STUDY OF TENOFOVIR DISOPOXIL FUMARATES
Spectrophotometric method for degradation study of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was described. The ultra violet spectrum of both acidic and basic degraded product was found to substantial difference from pure drug. The extent of degradation can be calculated by comparing the decrease in absorbance at selective wavelength. The zero order UV spectrums of TDF showed maximum absorbance at 260nm and...
3576
1257
REAL PICTURE OF CANCER IN BANGLADESH, A DEVELOPING SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRY: A SURVEY STUDY
Cancer - one of the most pervasive diseases, thus far mostly in affluent countries - is fast raising its ugly head in the developing world. This is a survey work on cancer due to recent increasing of the number of cancer patients in Bangladesh. This study was carried out in Ahsania Mission Cancer Hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh as this is the biggest missionary hospital in this country, From 13 Febru...
2978
1042
POST COITAL FOURTH DEGREE RECTOVAGINOPERINEAL TEAR: A RARE CASE REPORT
Postcoital vaginal rupture or tear is a well-known entity to the gynecologist. We highlight case of a marital post coital rectovaginal tear with fecal incontinence and complete avulsion of anal sphincters. Patient underwent layered repair and sphincter reconstruction after bowel preparation. Postoperatively she had a satisfactory continence over flatus and feces....
4115
1700
CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIOCIN FROM PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM
In our study, the sample (cheese) was selected for isolation and identification of Lactobacillus species as local probiotic isolate. The strain was subjected to microscopic and macroscopic investigations for probiotic selection. The world health organization criteria (WHO) were applied to all Lactobacillus species against E. coli, P. areoginosa, S. aerus, Chromobacterium, Serratia and A. flavus, a...
3275
1147
EVALUATION OF GASTRIC ANTIULCEROGENIC ACTION OF VEGETABLE PLANTAIN BANANA (MUSA SAPIENTUM VAR. PARADISIACA) IN ASPIRIN PLUS PYLORUS LIGATED ALBINO RATS
Objectives: To assess the effect of unripe dried banana powder in experimentally induced gastric ulcers and effect on gastric acid secretion. To evaluate the antiulcerogenic effect of plantain banana of Gujarat as a part of evaluation of impact of biological variables on this activity. Results: Orally administered banana powder in the dose of 2gm/kg caused a statistically significant decrease...
3302
1634
SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 2, 3-SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINONE ANALOGS
In recent years, there is a tremendous increase of drug resistant pathogens, leading to the design and development of newer antitubercular agents. A series of 2-(substituted-phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones and 3-amino-2-(substituted-phenyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized by the reaction of substituted benzoyl chloride with anthranilic acid and 2- (substituted phenyl)-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one wi...
3095
1294
ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF SIMVASTATIN ALONE (THERAPEUTIC DOSE) AND COMBINATION OF SIMVASTATIN AND GLIPIZIDE (SUB THERAPEUTIC DOSES) ON ALLOXAN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN ALBINO RATS
The present study was designed to evaluate anti-hyperglycemic activity of simvastatin alone and the combination of sub therapeutic doses of simvastatin and glipizide. Hyperglycemia was induced experimentally in albino rats by subcutaneous injection of alloxan in a dose of 175 mg/kg body weight. After 72 hours of alloxan treatment, rats showing hyperglycemia (blood glucose level of 400 mg/dl and ab...
2793
1521
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM USING FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR
An accurate, sensitive and precise RP-HPLC –Fluorescence method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Carvedilol Phosphate (CP) from bulk drug and Pharmaceutical Dosage form. The separation was achieved by a Brownlee analytical C18 column (250mm X 4.6mm, 5μm) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase comprises of Acetonitrile : Methanol : Buffer in proportion of 70:20:10v/v/v, buffe...
2400
1123
SYNTHESIS OF QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION
Some new series of 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)- 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one, 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-2-(methylthio)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-2-hydrazinylquinazolin-4(3H)-one were synthesized by cyclization of 4-substituted-phenylcarbamodithioate with methyl anthranilate followed by reaction with dimethylsulphate and then prepared compound was refluxed with hydr...
2797
1037
SYNTHESIS & PREDICTING THE POSSIBILITY OF 2, 5-DISUBSTITUTED-1, 3, 4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS GSK- 3β INHIBITORS
A new series of 2, 5-disubstituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized using appropriate methods & structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR,NMR & Mass spectral data.. These ligands were prefiltered for their drug likeness properties by Lipinski’s rule of 5 and it was found that all the ligands satisfied the rule of 5 for oral bioavailability.The prefiltere...
6346
1137
DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PUNICA GRANATUM FRUIT
Punica granatum L. belongs to the family Punicaceae, which is originating from the Middle East, extending throughout the Mediterranean, eastward to China and India. Punica granatum has been used extensively as a traditional medicine in many countries for the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, helminthiasis, acidosis, hemorrhage and respiratory pathologies. In addition, P. granatum is reported to ha...
2784
1121
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF BERBERIS ARISTATA BARK IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
The present study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of different extracts of Berberis aristata bark, in alloxan induced diabetic male wister albino rats (150-250g), Diabetes was confirmed after 5 days of single intraperitoneally injection of alloxan (140 mg/kg of body wt.) in 12 hours previously fasted rats. Petroleum ether extract of Berberis aristata (PEBA) (100 & 400 mg...
3527
1366
ANTI ULCER ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAVES ON RATS
The anti-ulcer activity of aqueous extract of Annona squamosa leaves was investigated on a indomethacin induced ulcer models in wistar rats. In model the common parameter determined was ulcer-index. aqueous extract of dosage 175, 350 mg/kg p.o produced significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by indomethacin induced ulcers. The extract 175mg/kg & 350mg/kg showed significant (p<0.01...
4986
1236
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF STEM OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS
Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) , is a medicinal plant which is endowed with curative properties including anti- fungal, anti - biotic, anti - septic, analgesic, anti-malaria, stomach – ache, tooth - ache, scabies, gastritis, bleeding piles, dysentry and scorpion poison. The study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem of Couroupita guianensi...
4491
1559
A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CURCUMIN IN PGPR INOCULATED CURCUMA LONGA. L PLANT
A rapid and simple HPLC method has been developed for the quantification of curcumin in PGPR inoculated curcuma longa plant. Treatment of PGPR such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium improved the content of curcumin in rhizomes sample. The PGPR treated rhizomes were higher in curcumin content than the PGPR untreated plant rhizomes sample. Analysis was performed using a C18 column (...
3135
1040
MICROEMULSIONS AS ANTIDIABETIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Glibenclamide is practically insoluble in water and its gastrointestinal absorption is limited by its dissolution rate. Therefore, to enhance the drug dissolution and its hypoglycemic effects, the drug was formulated in different microemulsion systems and in vitro/in vivo evaluated. Microemulsion systems were prepared by Water titration method in which surfactants and cosurfactants (S/CoS) were mi...
3566
1813
EFFECTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VITIS VINIFERA (RED GRAPE) AND CAMELLIA SINENSIS (GREEN TEA) EXTRACTS
Food and nutrients play vital role in normal functioning of the body. The samples selected for this study were Ethanolic extract of Red grape seed, Ethanolic extract of green tea leaves, Commercially available grape seed extract / Isotretinion tablet, green tea extract , Vitamin A and E tablets. The Nutraceutical effects of grape seed extract and green tea extract was analyzed. The antimic...
2544
1054
FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIPOSOMAL GEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Aim: The aims of this study were to develop liposome enriched Dexibuprofen liposomal hydrogels for topical delivery, perform in vitro release studies and in vivo permeation studies through mice/rat skin, and evaluate the efficacy of liposomal gels against inflammation induced rats. The purpose was to provide the delivery of the topical drug at a sustained rate across intact skin to improve bioavai...
8850
3923
TO ESTABLISH THE ULCEROGENIC POTENTIAL IF ANY, OF GINGER-JUICE ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE (ZINGIBERACEAE) ON IMPORTANT PARAMETERS OF GASTRIC ULCERATION
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of gastric-ulceration by ginger-juice (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in rat. (A) Albino rats (n=6-12) were administered G.J at two doses (2ml & 4 ml/rat, p.o) as single administration and chronic treatment over period of 30 days. Following this assessment was done for possible gastric lesion. Effect of treatment with G.J acutely and chro...
2440
886
MYELOPEROXIDASE AS A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis (OA) is disabling condition leading to loss of articular cartilage. Etiology of OA is not clearly understood and diagnosis of early stages of OA is difficult due to lack of specific markers. Recent literature suggest that elevation of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in synovial fluid in early stages of OA as compared to controls and late stage OA. Presence of MPO in blood and Urine sam...
3015
1064
CADMIUM MONITORING AMONG SOME PLANT AND VEGETABLE SPECIES IN SINGRAULI REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH
Thermal power plants produce enormous quantity of pollutants such as fly ash as a by - product of combustion of coal or any pulverized fuel at higher temperature. Industrial effluents contain several heavy metals including cadmium distrusted the metabolic process of living organism due to easily dispersion and mobilization in environment. The eatables and applicable potential plants and vegetables...
3075
1129
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PALMYRA PALM (BORASSUS FLABELLIFER) ROOT EXTRACT
The phytochemical constituents of Borassus flabellifer was identified and evaluated the antibacterial activity of the acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol and methanol extracts. A phytoconstituent analysis of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and saponins were performed on the various solvent extracts. Antibacterial activity was analyzed by agar well diffus...
5154
2303
A VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TERBINAFINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM
An HPTLC method for estimation of Terbinafine hydrochloride in its tablet formulation has been developed. It employs aluminium backed silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates,( 100×50 mm, thickness of layer 0.2 mm), prewashed with methanol and dried at room temperature)and mobile phase comprising of Acetonitrile: 1, 4 dioxan: Hexane: Acetic acid (1:1:8:0.1) (v/v/v/v). The developing solvent was run upto 70 ...
3689
1612
IN-VIVO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF TABEBUIA ROSEA (BERTOL) DC. LEAVES ON DALTON’S ASCETIC LYMPHOMA IN MICE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the experimentally possible antitumor effect and antioxidant role of methanolic extract of Tabebuia rosea leaves against Dalton’s ascetic lymphoma (DAL) induced Swiss albino mice. The methanolic extract of Tabebuia rosea (METR) was administered at the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg in mice for 14 days after 24hours of DAL inoculation. The effects of METR...
4448
1287
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF STEM OF CAYRATIA TRIFOLIA (LINN.) DOMIN.
Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) Domin (Vitaceae) is a perennial climber, commonly known as fox grape in English, Amalbel, Ramchana in Hindi and Amlavetash in Sanskrit, found in India, Asia and Australia. The infusion of seeds along with extract of tubers is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes. Whole plant is used as diuretic, in tremors and splenopathy. It is reported to possess antiviral, ...
3896
1938
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON POVIDONE-IODINE OINTMENT AND GEL
Povidone-Iodine Ointment was prepared using polyethylene glycol base by fusion method and the gel was prepared using Poloxamer 407 as a gelling agent by cold process. The different characteristics of povidone-iodine ointment and gel were compared from the results obtained for assay and total, available and complex iodine contents. These values were comparable with marketed formulations. The formul...
6782
6932
INFLUENCE OF FORMULATION VARIABLES ON THE IN VITRO DISSOLUTION OF GUM DAMAR BASED MATRIX TABLETS
The objective of the study was to examine the influence of two variables, concentration of the matrixing agent and diluent on the release of diclofenac sodium from hydrophobic matrix tablets. A 32 full factorial design was employed to optimize drug release profile. Concentration of the hydrophobic matrixing agent (X1) and type of diluent (X2) were taken as independent variables. The dependent vari...
2630
956
IMPLEMENTING SIX SIGMA TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL DISCHARGE PROCESS
Privatizations of health care have changed the functioning and demand of health care system. As today's competitive environment leaves no scope for error, we need to delight our patients, look for new ways to exceed their expectations on continuous basis, with a focus on improvement in technical skills, human skills and to develop cost effective methodologies. To meet challenges, implementation o...
9341
2190
CHITOSAN-GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR CURCUMIN
The present study deals with investigating the effect of chitosan nano particles as carriers for an anticancer drug curcumin. The chitosan-curcumin nanocapsules were prepared in the presence and absence of gold nanoparticles via solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy was done to characterize the drug entrapped nanocapsules. The average diamete...
3678
1554
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF LEAF AND BARK OF NARINGI CRENULATA (ROXB.) NICOLSON
Ethanol extracts of Naringi crenulata leaf and bark were evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity at the dose levels of 250mg kg-1 and 500mg kg-1 body weight using a Carrageenan induced paw oedema method (acute inflammation). Results showed that both leaf and bark ethanol extracts had potent and significant anti-inflammatory activity. These results were also comparable with reference drug ...
2790
1019
EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF CROSSANDRA INFUNDIBULIFORMIS FLOWER EXTRACT ON ALBINO RATS
Crossandra infundibuliformis belonging to family Acanthaceae is well known medicinal plant in various region of India. This plant is one of the most chosen variety for folk medicine. Flower extract used in various conditions like fever, headache, aperitif, pain etc. Present study is concern mainly with evaluation of wound healing activity of flower ethanolic extract in Wistar rats using excision w...
3763
1635
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF SOME NOVEL SEMICARBAZONE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING QUINOXALINE MOIETY
Various 1-(substituted benzylidene)-5-(3-hydroxyquinoxaline-2-yl) carbonohydrazide were synthesized starting from orthophenylenediamine. Structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of spectral analyses. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for anticonvulsant activity. Some of the compounds showed significant anticonvulsant activity with no neurotoxicity....
2958
915