Volume 6 (2015) - Issue 2, February
Review Articles
HISTAMINE SUBTYPE 3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS: CURRENT STATUS WITH FUTURE PROSPECTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT
The histamine H3 receptor is an G protein-coupled receptor that regulates neurotransmission in the central nervous system and plays a major role in cognitive and homeostatic functions. The third histamine receptor was discovered in 1983 by a traditional pharmacological approach, consisting of assessing the inhibitory effect of histamine on its own release from depolarized rat...
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SOLID DISPERSION TECHNOLOGY: RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE DELIVERY OF VARIOUS PHYTOCONSTITUENTS
Nature is an eminent source of potential therapeutic drugs, however; most of the herbal bioactives are left unexploited as precise remedies due to lack of appropriate formulation design and development. Pharmacological interventions of herbal molecules may often be limited due to insufficient solubility, bioavailability as well as instability aspects and it remains one of the most challenging face...
5384
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ADVANCED GLYCATION END PRODUCTS IN PROGRESSIVE COURSE OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY: EXPLORING INTERACTIVE ASSOCIATIONS
Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end stage renal damage (E.S.R.D). Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and its prevalence is continuously increasing in industrialized nations. Hyperglycemias, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension are considered to be the major risk factors implicated in the progression of nephropathy. P...
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NANOSPONGES – NOVEL EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW
The advent of nanotechnology lead to invention of many dosage forms. Effective targeted drug delivery systems have been a dream for a long time, due to several major drawbacks, a practical approach has been developed for the formation of discrete functionalized particles, which have been termed as ‘Nanosponge’. The development of new colloidal carrier called Nanosponges has the potential to so...
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CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF GLUCOSAMINE AND CHONDROITIN SULPHATE IN TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS
Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis, and is the most common form of arthritis. Persons suffering from osteoarthritis have symptoms of pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion of affected joints. Although NSAIDS are the most commonly prescribed agents for this disorder but can cause of serious adverse effects. Two compounds Glucosamine and chondroitin which are extracted from animal products ha...
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1524
METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY: A REVIEW
Antioxidants have become a vital part of our lives today. Antioxidants help neutralize or destroy “Reactive Oxygen Species” (ROS) or free radicals before they can damage cells. This paper focuses on types of damaging free radicals generated in metabolic processes and also gives an insight of mechanistic aspect of various in-vitro methods for evaluation of antioxidant capacity of plant metaboli...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF IXORA: A REVIEW
Medicinal herbs used in modern medicine are occupying a very significant place as raw materials for important drugs. India officially recognizes over 3000 plants for their medicinal value. It is generally estimated that over 6000 plants in India are used in traditional, folk and herbal medicine. Traditionally Ixora is found to be useful for many ailments like hepatic disorder, cancer, microbial in...
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Research Articles
EXPRESSION OF GLUCOSAMINE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE AND JACOB GLYCOPROTEIN DURING CULTURE OF ISOLATES OF ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
The glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase and Jacob glycoprotein gene expression levels were assessed during E. histolytica excystation from the feces of five patients. Excystation was performed at 0, 24, 48 and 96 h in Robinson medium, and RNA was extracted from the cysts and trophozoites. cDNA was synthesized to amplify the genes using real-time RT-PCR. The results demonstrated differences according...
3671
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EVENTUAL IMMUNOLOGIAL BENEFIT OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE IV INHIBITOR (ROLIPRAM) ON THE LUNG AND LENS AFFECTION INDUCED BY SELENIUM IN RATS: A PHARMACOLOGICAL, LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY
The association between chronic bronchitis and cataract is debating. While some referred it to the corticosteroid therapy commonly prescribed to bronchitis, other named different immunological pathways that may be involved in this relationship. We tried to find out the possible immunological benefit of phosphodiesterase IV inhibition in these two common associated conditions. The rats were divided...
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REPEATED-DOSE TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL AND K. KRAUSE (ANACARDIACEAE) AND IDENTIFICATION OF TOXICITY MECHANISMS
Lannea kerstingii Engl. & K. Krause stem bark (Anacardiaceae) is used to treat anaemia, malaria, infections and Burili ulcer. The antioxidant, antihelmintic and trypanocidal properties have been demonstrated using appropriate in vitro and in vivo assays. But the effective doses have demonstrated toxic effects such as a significant decrease of body weight of the experimental animals. This work ...
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PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF SELF-MEDICATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN REFERRING TO HEALTH CENTERS IN SOUTHERN OF IRAN
Objective: The self-medication phenomenon is one of the acute health problems particularly in women and as encountering a sensitive period such as pregnancy is of critical importance. The present study has been conducted to determine the prevalence and causes of this phenomenon in the pregnant women in the city of Ahwaz, located in the west south of Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical st...
4982
1472
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CYTOTOXIC AND CNS DEPRESSANT ACTIVITIES OF HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA LEAVES AND SEEDS
Methanolic extract of leaves and seeds of Holarrhena antidysenterica was appraised individually to investigate the cytotoxic activity and CNS depressant activity of the leaf extract was observed adopting both open field test and hole cross test. Phytochemical screening with the leaf extract only, suggested the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponin. Bri...
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IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SHEA BUTTER-BASED NYSTATIN MICROPARTICLES
Nystatin, an antifungal drug for mucosal infections has a large dosing frequency and is rapidly inactivated by acids. In order to increase drug stability and reduce dosing frequency and reduce dosing frequency and gastric irritation, formulation into inert lipid matrices as solid lipid microparticles may be utilized. The formulations were done from Shea butter extract using either Tween 20 or Twee...
3066
1709
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CLINICAL ISOLATES
Objective: Antibiotics resistance patterns for many bacteria have changed significantly; causing poor clinical outcomes. The objective of the study was to measure the susceptibility of different antibiotics against specific clinical isolates for surveillance purpose. Method: Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of four antibiotics (commercially availabl...
5232
1490
HOMOLOGY MODELLING, SECONDARY STRUCTURE PREDICTION AND PHYLOGENETIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2FROM DIFFERENT ORGANISMS
Phospholipase A2 is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acyl bond of phospholipids, liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. These enzymes are found in mammalian tissues, insects, reptiles, urochordates, invertebrates and echinoderms. Some of the PLA2 are toxic in nature. Venom from snakes and insects is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA2...
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CONCEPTION OF A POTENT DRUG THROUGH TOXICITY AND PHARMACOPHORE STUDY FOR INHIBITING CD 1 INVOLVED IN CANCER BY MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES
Cancer is a class of disease, where the cells uncontrollably divide without any control over cell cycle and cell division. Various factors contribute to cause of cancer in many ways. Ultimately the cancer cell proliferates without control over cell cycle. Many factors involve in cell cycle amongst that one of the ideal target is Cyclin D1 which couples with cyclin dependent kinase 4, phosphorylate...
2762
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GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
The present study investigated the phytochemical analysis of the major bioactive constituents of medicinal important plant of Punica granatum peels in its aqueous extract and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their evaluation for antibacterial activity. Flavonoid, phenol & tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides and etc were highly concentrated in the peels extract. The synthesis and char...
3853
2037
SLEEP QUALITY IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS: A SIX MONTH PROSPECTIVE SURVEY
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality and to identify risk factors for poor sleep quality in hemodialysis population. An additional aim of the study was to identify number of patients treated for their sleep problems. Method: 126 patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were enrolled into the study. Subjective sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality...
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DOCTOR’S PRESCRIBING TRENDS OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR OUT PATIENTS IN BANGLADESH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL HEALTH SURVEY CONDUCTED IN THREE DISTRICTS
Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the practitioners’ prescribing habits of antibiotics in three cities of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional health survey with manual data collection was carried out with a standardized questionnaire over three month period at the three cities Rajshahi, Jessore and Comilla in Bangladesh. The collected data was subjected to simple d...
3814
1892
QUANTIFICATION OF DIOSGENIN IN EXTRACTS AND FORMULATIONS CONTAINING SOLANUM NIGRUM
A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) was developed and validated to quantitate diosgenin in berries of Solanum nigrum using C18 analytical column as stationary phase and acetonitrile: water (92: 08, v/v) as mobile phase. The flow rate of mobile phase was kept at 1.0 ml/min. Column oven temperature was set at 25 0C. The method was fo...
3657
1919
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ZALTOPROFEN AND PARACETAMOL IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM BY ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Two spectrophotometric methods are presented for the simultaneous estimation of Zaltoprofen (ZLT) and Paracetamol (PAR) in laboratory prepared mixture and pharmaceutical dosage form without prior separation. Method (1) is simultaneous equation method (Vierodt’s method); which depends on the fact that absorbance of a mixture is the sum of the individual absorbance of the components. Method (2) is...
3340
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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF MOSS BRYUM CELLULARE AGAINST SOME PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Bryophytes possess a pool of bioactive compounds with pharmacological activity. These plants have widely been used as medicinal plants since ancient times and are not infected by bacteria and fungi as they use chemical weapons in the form of secondary metabolites. In order to evaluate the antifungal activity of aqueous crude extract of Bryum cellulare (a moss) against the test fungi Curvularia lun...
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IN-VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS TO ASIAN AND EAST CENTRAL SOUTH AFRICAN LINEAGE OF CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS
Indian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of viral infections with high fever, arthritis, inflammation were investigated for their in vitro antiviral activity against the Asian and East Central South African lineage of Chikungunya virus. In vitro cytotoxic assay of aqueous, aqueous ethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Alpinia Galanga (L) Willd., Alpinia Officinarum Ha...
3778
1593
SYNTHESIS AND TESTING OF METAL COMPLEXES OF QUINOXALINE BASED SCHIFF BASES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES
The compound 3-chloro-2-hydrazine quinoxaline was condensed with 2-furaldehyde to derive a Schiff base 2-furaldehyde-2-(3-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl) hydrazone (FCCQH).The ligand and also its complexes with VO (IV), Cr (III), Mn (II), Fe (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), and Pd (II) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic studies, thermal analysis, infrared spectra, UV-v...
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PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION OF MADHUCA INDICA LEAF AND STEM, AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT
Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel leaf and stem an important traditional medicinal plant. Method: In the present investigation, pharmacognostic parameters like macroscopic and microscopic and powder characters of leaf and stem were studied. Preliminary phytochemical and physiochemical analyses were done by using reported methods. Fluorescent behavior...
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PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DALBERGIA PANICULATA ROXB.
Methanolic extracts of leaf, bark, stem and root of D. paniculata were screened for phytochemicals and antibacterial activity against ten different pathogens. Various phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins and tannins were found to be present. Leaf and bark extract exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. vulgaris and E. coli with MIC value of 2.5 ...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PARACETAMOL AND ZALTOPROFEN IN BULK AND TABLET FORMULATION
Two methods for simultaneous estimation of Pracetamol and Zaltoprofen in combined tablet dosage form have been developed. The first UV spectrophotometric method was a determination using the simultaneous equation method at 245 nm and 227 nm. The second UV spectrophotometric method is the Q – analysis (absorption ratio) method, which involves the formation of absorbance equation at 237.5 nm (isob...
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EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ASAFOETIDA
This study was carried out with the objective of the antibacterial and antifungal activity of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of Asafoetida. Antibacterial activity was carried out against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and the antifungal activity was evaluated against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans. The testin...
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IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI HYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF CERIUM OXIDE NANO PARTICLES IN RAT MODEL
Cerium oxide is an oxide of the rare earth metal which is widely used for several disorders. However, there are no complete toxicity studies done on it. The purpose of present study is to evaluate acute and Anti-hyper lipidemic activity of cerium oxide nano particles on Wistar albino rats. In this study, Cerium oxide was administered to six rats in different groups in different concentrations (100...
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ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF THE SAPONIN-RICH FRACTION OF THE EXTRACT OF TAMARINDUS INDICA L. ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERGLYCAEMIA
It is estimated that more than 170 million people are suffering from diabetes globally and this number is expected to double by 2030, and the greatest increase in prevalence is, however, expected to occur in Asia and Africa. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease and its prevalence is reaching epidemic proportion worldwide. Tamarindus indica is a slow growing tree that is resistant to stron...
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PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ISONIAZIDE NANO-CONJUGATES FOR IMPROVING THE THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY
Raise in the multidrug resistance gave challenge to the treatment of tuberculosis with first line medication due to less response. Nanoparticle drug delivery has proven efficiency in improving the therapeutic efficacy of many drugs. Reduction of dosing frequency was achieved by applying drug delivery using Nano medicine and Green Nanotechnology. The present study aimed in the production of such dr...
3138
2053
APPLICATION OF DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF RANEY NICKEL MEDIATED BORROWING HYDROGEN REACTION
An efficient, cost effective use of Raney nickel (R-Ni) a widely used industrial catalyst for N-Alkylation using alcohols is highlighted here. The work describes the scope and capability of R-Ni in borrowing hydrogen reactions for Aniline and Benzyl alcohol. The reaction optimization is described using two techniques, Conventional and Design of experiment. The use of DOE for reaction optimization ...
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1574
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF N-ARYLQUINOXALIN-2-AMINES BEARING BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
In the present study reports synthesis and development of 3-Chloro – N - ((5-chloro-1-tosyl-1H-benzo [d] imidazol – 2 - yl) methyl) - N arylquinoxalin-2-amines (5a-e) from 3-chloro-N-p-tolyl quinoxalin -2-amine (3) condensed with proporgyl bromide followed by adding 4-chloro-N1-tosylbenzene-1,2-diamine,by adopting simple procedure. All titled compounds were screened for their anti bacterial ac...
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905
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AMYCOLATOPSIS ORIENTALIS JAR10 FROM AGRICULTURAL FIELD
Actinomycetes are versatile and prolific source of microbial natural products with great advantage in medicine and agriculture. Recently there is growing interest in exploring biological active compounds from rare actinomycetes. Usually rare actinomycetes are regarded as strains of actinomycetes whose isolation frequency by conventional methods is much lower than that of Streptomycetes strains. ...
3765
2325
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM TAGETES ERECTA LINN.
Traditional medicines in many developing countries rely on the plant phytochemicals as a source of drug in curing many diseases. Tagetes erecta Linn. is an ornamental plant containing valuable therapeutic phytochemicals. In the current investigation, ethanol extraction of the dried flower sample was subjected to column chromatographic separation. Around 185 fractions were separated and recorded wi...
7551
2221
ROLE OF PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS SPOROGENES IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus sporogenes in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in paediatric population. Methods: In a prospective randomized open label comparative study, 62 children (1 month– 6 years) admitted to the Medical College Hospital for the treatment of acute diarrhoea, were included. The patients were randomised into two groups, control group (n =31) rece...
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COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF EUPHORBIA HIRTA L. AND EUPHORBIA THYMIFOLIA L. (STEM)
Dugdhika is one of the important raw drug used in Ayurveda. E. thymifolia is used as the genuine source plant of drug Dugdhika, it posses properties like, used for skin disorders, sexual disorders, effective drug for asthma., diarrhoea, dysentery. The present study deals with the comparative study of morphological, anatomical, histochemical characters of E. hirta and E. thymifolia. Two plants show...
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IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF SQUID AND CUTTLEFISH BONE EXTRACT ON HEP G2 CELL LINE
The present study was carried out to assess the anticancer activity of methanol extracts of internal bone of L.duvauceli and S. pharaonis for cell viability and toxicity on HepG2 liver cancer cells. The bone extracts had significant cytotoxicity on HepG2 cell in different concentrations (100,500,1000 µg/ml). Methanol fraction of squid bone powder showed cell death at a higher concentration of 1...
3791
2019
A GREENER CHEMISTRY APPROACH FOR SYNTHESIS OF 4-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-6-METHYL-2-OXO-1,2,3,4 TETRAHYDROPYRIMIDINE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
The objective of present research work is to provide green technique for synthesis of 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. Pyrimidine derivatives are well known in the pharmaceutical industry and exhibit to possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. Highly efficient and simple methods complying with principle of Green chemistry have...
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FORMULATION AND PROCESS VALIDATION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND PARACETAMOL COMBINATION TABLET
A properly designed system will provide a high degree of assurance that every step, process, and change has been properly evaluated before its implementation. Validation is an important step carried out in order to control the entire process, and the process adapted to produce itself must assure that process will consistently produce the expected results and maintain the desired quality of the fin...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF FEBUXOSTAT AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM USING RP-HPLC
A novel method for the simultaneous estimation of Febuxostat and Diclofenac Potassium in combine dosage form was developed and validated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The determination was performed on an Inertsil C18 column (100mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5µm particle size) and the mobile phase consisting a mixture of 0.01M Ammonium di-hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 5 w...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET OF VALSARTAN
The immediate release tablet of antihypertensive drug Valsartan were prepared and evaluated to increase solubility and bioavailability of low soluble drug. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using Surfactants such as Poloxamer 188, Sodium stearate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Superdisintegrant such as Cross carmellose sodium were used in tablet formulation. The formulation were e...
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DERMATOLOGICAL ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Adverse drug reactions are undesirable effects of drugs beyond its anticipated therapeutic uses occurring commonly in clinical practice. Although many of these ADRs are mild and disappear when the suspected drug is stopped or dose is reduced, some are more serious and last longer. Many studies have been published regarding hospital admission due to ADRs and it has been estimated that 2.9% to 5.6% ...
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1102
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON STEM BARK OF CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA DC. AN ETHNOMEDICINALLY IMPORTANT MEDICINAL TREE
Chloroxylon swietenia DC. belongs to the family Rutaceae / Meliaceae / Chloroxylaceae, is a medicinal and aromatic tree of dry deciduous forests. It is popularly known as Yellow wood, East Indian satin wood and Ceylon satin wood. The stem bark is credited for its effectiveness in the treatment of common cough and cold, it is also used as an astringent. Its pharmacognostic data for authentication o...
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UV-VISIBLE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF BORIC ACID IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS: A CASE STUDY
Boric acid is one of the widely used inorganic compound in pharmaceutical industry. We find its utilization as an antiseptic, in eye wash preparations, as an insecticidal, as a buffering agent etc. In this present work, a comparative study of the UV-Vis spectras of the boric acid solution in different solvents have been done. A variety of solvents like water, ethanol, methanol, glacial acetic ac...
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SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF MELOXICAM BY LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION
Solubility is the important parameter to design a dosage form; it is very difficult to formulate an insoluble drug in to final formulation. In This present study deals with the enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble drug Meloxicam.: The liquisolid system is a novel technique for solubility enhancement and dissolution improvement of low soluble drugs. Liquisolid technique (powdered solut...
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2219
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BURSERA PENICILLATA LEAF EXTRACTS ON HUMAN INFECTIOUS PATHOGENS
The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of Bursera penicillata leaf extract against human infected bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of Petrolium ether, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts from leaves of Bursera penicillata were tested against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ente...
3631
1300
SINGLE-STEP PURIFICATION OF UREASE FROM CANAVALIA GLADIATA SEEDS
The urease (E.C.3.5.1.5) catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and is commonly used in clinical laboratories for the estimation of urea in biological fluids. The urease enzyme of sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) has been purified in single-step by affinity chromatography using epoxy activated agarose containing urea as the affinity ligand. The yield of the purified enzyme was about 83% with s...
5937
2100
SYNTHESIS OF THIAZOLIDINONE AND AZETIDINONE DERIVATIVES OF BENZOXAZOLINONE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
The present investigation is concerned with synthesis of new substituted benzoxazolinone derivatives (1-18) with the objective of discovering novel and potent antimicrobial agents. The structure of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental (C, H, N) and spectral (IR, 1HNMR and mass) analysis. The purity of the synthesized compounds was checked by thin layer chromatography (TLC). T...
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1112
A PEDICULICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE OIL
The humans head lice are a nuisance for millions of people worldwide with high prevalence in children. Head lice have been treated by methods that include the physical removal of lice, various domestic treatments and conventional insecticides. None of these methods render complete protection and there is clear evidence for the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance to conventional insecticid...
6508
1483
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROEMULSION BASED ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM OF GLIMEPIRIDE
The aim of this investigation was to develop a solid microemulsion of Glimepiride for enhancing its solubility, and its dissolution rate. For this purpose, solubility of Glimepiride was determined in various vehicles. Oil, Surfactant and Cosurfactant were selected based on the solubility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the microemulsion existing zone. The optimized micr...
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2110
IN VIVO AND IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLS, ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN PLUCHEA LANCEOLATA OLIVER & HIERN.
The present investigation deals with the determination of in vitro antioxidant activity as well as the phenols and ascorbic acid content in in vivo (leaf, stem, root) and in vitro (unorganised static callus cultures) plant parts of Pluchea lanceolata. Unorganised static callus cultures (eighteen months old) were grown on MS medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l) using leaf expl...
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1369
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CARICA PAPAYA LEAF JUICE
Whole plant parts, fruits, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp of Carica papaya are known to have medicinal properties. It has been used for treatment of numerous diseases like warts, corns, sinuses, eczema, cutaneous tubercles, blood pressure, dyspepsia, constipation, amenorrhoea, general debility, expel thread worms and stimulate reproductive organs. Ayurvedic literature reveals that papaya leaf e...
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DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HPLC-UV METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CEFIXIME AND OFLOXACIN IN TABLET FORMULATION
A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection has been developed and validated according to the ICH guidelines for the quantization of Cefixime (CFXM) and Ofloxacin (OFLO) in tablet preparation. Chromatographic separation was carried out in a Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm particle size) of Agilent Technologies with ...
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EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF BACOPA MONIERI IN MICE
Bacopamonnieri L. Pennell (family: Sclorphulariaceae) is a reputed drug of Ayurveda. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidepressant activity of alcoholic extract of B. monnieri was studied at doses of 40 mg / kg and 80 mg / kg against TST and FST mice model of depression. Dose dependent reductions in immobility time were observed in TST and FST mice model of depression. The res...
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ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PARKIA SPECIOSA AGAINST INDOMETHACIN INDUCED PEPTIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS
This study was performed to determine the anti-ulcer effects of ethanol extract of Parkia speciosa on Indomethacin induced peptic ulcer in Albino rats. Rats of female sex weighing between 150 g - 200 g were used. Rats were divided into six groups with six rats in each group. Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) were used as a standard drug for this study. Parkia speciosa extract were given in three different dos...
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1822
EFFECT OF PLACEBO ON DEPRESSION
Depression is a well defined mood disorder which is characterized by state of disposition of mind and dislike or antipathy to activity that can affect an individual’s thoughts, demeanor, sense of emotional touch and physical well- being. Depressed people may feel mournful, troubled, uneasy in mind, meaningless, helpless and unworthy, experiencing as if having committed an offence. They are easil...
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STUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF Cu(II) – TAURINE –HEXAMINE TERNARY COMPLEX: DETERMINATION OF THE STABILITY CONSTANTS IN METHANOL – WATER MIXTURES
Stoichiometry and apparent stability constant (KC) of the complex formed between Cu(II), hexamine and taurine were determined in water and methanol-water mixtures (% methanol w/w: 3.11; 6.15; 10.4; 15.2; 19.9 and 25.3) by UV–vis spectroscopy at 25o C and constant ionic strength (0.05 M, sodium chloride). Stoichiometry of the ternary complex (1:1: 2, metal: hexamine: taurine) is not modified with...
3103
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INDUCTION OF CALLOGENESIS AND SHOOTING IN ASTERACANTHA LONGIFOLIA(L.) NEES –A MEDICINAL HERB
This study is concerned to develop a rapid system for regenerating shoots and callus from mature shoot tip explants of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees, a medicinally important annual herb (family acanthaceae). Effective shoot and callus regeneration was observed by using several concentrations of cytokinins and auxins with MS medium. Shoot tips responded better for callusing almost in all ...
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF STAVUDINEAS MUCOADHESIVE VAGINAL TABLETS
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system has occupied an important place in the field of pharmaceutical research. Mucoadhesive tablets prolong the residence time of the drug at the site of application and provide extended therapeutic effect. Mucoadhesive tablets have been prepared for various sites thus offering localization as swell as systemic control of drug release. The present review focuses on conc...
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